@article {KNZ002014, title = {Rainfall-manipulation experiments as simulated by terrestrial biosphere models: where do we stand?}, journal = {Global Change Biology}, volume = {26}, year = {2020}, pages = {3336{\textendash}3355}, abstract = {

Changes in rainfall amounts and patterns have been observed and are expected to continue in the near future with potentially significant ecological and societal consequences. Modelling vegetation responses to changes in rainfall is thus crucial to project water and carbon cycles in the future. In this study, we present the results of a new model-data intercomparison project, where we tested the ability of ten terrestrial biosphere models to reproduce observed sensitivity of ecosystem productivity to rainfall changes at ten sites across the globe, in nine of which, rainfall exclusion and/or irrigation experiments had been performed.

The key results are:
(a) Inter-model variation is generally large and model agreement varies with time scales. In severely water limited sites, models only agree on the interannual variability of evapotranspiration and to a smaller extent gross primary productivity. In more mesic sites model agreement for both water and carbon fluxes is typically higher on fine (daily-monthly) time scales and reduces on longer (seasonal-annual) scales.
(b) Models on average overestimate the relationship between ecosystem productivity and mean rainfall amounts across sites (in space) and have a low capacity in reproducing the temporal (interannual) sensitivity of vegetation productivity to annual rainfall at a given site, even though observation uncertainty is comparable to inter-model variability.
(c) Most models reproduced the sign of the observed patterns in productivity changes in rainfall manipulation experiments but had a low capacity in reproducing the observed magnitude of productivity changes. Models better reproduced the observed productivity responses due to rainfall exclusion than addition.
(d) All models attribute ecosystem productivity changes to the intensity of vegetation stress and peak leaf area, whereas the impact of the change in growing season length is negligible. The relative contribution of the peak leaf area and vegetation stress intensity was highly variable among models.

}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.15024}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.15024}, author = {Paschalis, Athanasios and Fatichi, Simone and Zscheischler, Jakob and Ciais, Philippe and Michael Bahn and Lena R. Boysen and Chang, Jinfeng and De Kauwe, Martin and Estiarte, Marc and Goll, Daniel and Hanson, Paul J. and Harper, Anna B. and Hou, Enqing and Kigel, Jaime and Alan K. Knapp and Larsen, Klaus Steenberg and Li, Wei and Lienert, Sebastian and Luo, Yiqi and Meir, Patrick and Nabel, Julia E.M.S. and Ogaya, Rom{\`a} and Parolari, Anthony J and Peng, Changhui and Pe{\~n}uelas, Josep and Pongratz, Julia and Rambal, Serge and Schmidt, Inger Kappel and Shi, Hao and Sternberg, Marcelo and Tian, Hanqin and Tschumi, Elisabeth and Ukkola, Anna and Vicca, Sara and Viovy, Nicolas and Wang, -Ping and Wang, Zhuonan and Williams, Karina and Wu, Donghai and Zhu, Qiuan} }