@article {KNZ001115,
	title = {Temperature and kairomone induced life history plasticity in coexisting Daphnia},
	journal = {Aquatic Ecology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {361 -372},
	abstract = {We investigated the life history alterations of coexisting Daphnia species responding to environmental temperature and predator cues. In a laboratory experiment, we measured Daphnia life history plasticity under different predation risk and temperature treatments that simulate changing environmental conditions. Daphnia pulicaria abundance and size at first reproduction (SFR) declined, while ephippia (resting egg) formation increased at high temperatures. Daphnia mendotae abundance and clutch size increased with predation risk at high temperatures, but produced few ephippia. Thus, each species exhibited phenotypic plasticity, but responded in sharply different ways to the same environmental cues. In Glen Elder reservoir, Kansas USA, D. pulicaria dominance shifted to D. mendotae dominance as temperature and predation risk increased from March to June in both 1999 and 2000. Field estimates of life history shifts mirrored the laboratory experiment results, suggesting that similar phenotypic responses to seasonal cues contribute to seasonal Daphnia population trends. These results illustrate species-specific differences in life history plasticity among coexisting zooplankton taxa.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, Daphnia mendotae, Daphnia pulicaria, Ephippia, Life history, Phenotypic plasticity},
	doi = {10.1007/s10452-006-9035-5},
	author = {Bernot, R.J. and W. K. Dodds and Quist, M.C. and Guy, C.S.}
}
@article {KNZ00872,
	title = {Population differences in effects of fish on Physia integra refuge use},
	journal = {American Midland Naturalist},
	volume = {150},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {51 -57},
	abstract = {Prey populations exposed to different sets of predators often adopt distinct antipredator behaviors. We investigated the refuge use of a freshwater pulmonate snail, Physa integra, in the presence and absence of fish predators. Over 80\% of snails in sites with fish used refuge, while only 50\% used refuge in sites without fish. Snails in sites with fish were also significantly smaller than snails in sites without fish. In a laboratory experiment, the presence of fish did not alter the habitat use of snails collected from a no-fish site, whereas snails collected from a site with fish used refuge when exposed to predation risk. These results support the hypothesis that P. integra exhibit local behavioral adaptations to their predator regime.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0051:PDIEOF]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Bernot, R.J.}
}
@article {KNZ00871,
	title = {Trematode infection alters the antipredator behavior of a pulmonate snail},
	journal = {Journal of the North American Benthological Society},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {241 -248},
	abstract = {Parasites can alter the behavior, life history, and morphology of their host. Many trematodes parasitize freshwater pulmonate snails, resulting in a reduction or the elimination of reproduction in those individuals. However, parasite effects on freshwater snail behavior are unclear. I measured trematode infection rates, size, and covered habitat use of the freshwater pulmonate snail Physa integra in a field survey of streams and ponds on Konza Prairie Biological Station. Then, in a laboratory experiment, I tested the hypothesis that behavioral decisions under the risk of predation differed between infected and uninfected P. integra. Infection rates ranged from 2\% to 53\% overall, but varied between snail size class and site of collection. Significantly fewer infected (7\%) than uninfected P. integra (29\%) were found under cover, but there was no difference in use of cover between snails infected with Paramphistomidae and Cathaemasiidae trematodes. A significantly greater proportion of larger snail size classes were infected than smaller size classes. In the laboratory experiment, habitat use by P. integra depended on predator presence and infection status. Significantly more uninfected snails used covered habitats in the presence of creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) than in the presence of crayfish (Orconectes nais) or in the absence of a predator. Significantly more uninfected snails used near-surface habitat in the presence of O. nais than in other treatments. However, in the presence of S. atromaculatus <20\% of infected snails used cover compared to 60\% of uninfected snails. Near-surface habitat use and crawlout behavior were also significantly higher among infected snails in crayfish and no predator treatments, suggesting that infected snails use near-surface habitats even when under predation risk. More detailed knowledge of this trematode{\textendash}snail system is necessary, however, to determine if differences in habitat use between infected and uninfected snails is an adaptive manipulation of snail behavior by trematodes. Nevertheless, these results indicate that infection status affects the behavior of P. integra and may alter species interactions in freshwater benthic communities.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, antipredator behavior, cercariae, habitat use, parasitism, Physa integra, trematodes},
	doi = {10.2307/1467995},
	author = {Bernot, R.J.}
}
