@article {KNZ002032,
	title = {Communities of small mammals, tallgrass prairie, and prescribed fire:  a fire-reversal experiment},
	journal = {Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {31 - 49},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	url = {https://bioone.org/journals/Transactions-of-the-Kansas-Academy-of-Science/volume-123/issue-1-2/062.123.0103/Communities-of-Small-Mammals-Tallgrass-Prairie-and-Prescribed-Fire/10.1660/062.123.0103.short},
	author = {D.W. Kaufman and Kaufman, G.A. and Kaufman, D.M. and Reed, A.W. and Rehmeier, R.L.}
}
@article {KNZ001076,
	title = {Demographic response of a grassland rodent to environmental variability},
	journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {982 -988},
	abstract = {We used stage-structured matrix population models, derived from 3 years with disparate levels of precipitation, to assess the potential effects of climate change on annual population growth (λ) of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Populations of deer mice increased during a year of normal precipitation (λ = 1.69 {\textpm} 0.02 SE) and a wet year (λ = 1.03 {\textpm} 0.02), but declined in a dry year (λ = 0.34 {\textpm} 0.02). Life-table response experiment analyses indicated that reduced survival of adults in the dry year, and reduced survival of pups and juveniles in the wet year, exerted the greatest influence on variation in population growth. Stochastic models that projected populations of deer mice for a 50-year period predicted that populations would not be able to persist if mean annual precipitation was reduced >=11\% by increasing the frequency of dry years. Furthermore, the stochastic population growth rate declined more quickly when the probability of a normal year was reduced, simulating increased variability in rainfall, relative to other scenarios examined. Our stochastic models indicate that a relatively small reduction in mean precipitation could result in substantial population declines of P. maniculatus in the mixed-grass prairie of central North America.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, Climate change, deer mouse, life-table response experiment, matrix model, Peromyscus maniculatus, prairie, stochastic model},
	doi = {10.1644/06-MAMM-A-109R.1},
	author = {Reed, A.W. and Kaufman, G.A. and Sandercock, B.K.}
}
@article {KNZ001105,
	title = {Effects of prairie vole runways on tallgrass prairie},
	journal = {Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {100 -106},
	abstract = {Disturbances by large mammals influence plant populations and ecosystem processes. In contrast, impacts on ecosystem processes at local scales by small herbivorous rodents are relatively unknown. To examine effects of the runways of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) on soil nitrogen, we collected soil cores from under runways, along the runway edges and at 0.25 and 2 m away from runways. Plant samples (both current and previous year{\textquoteright}s growth) were clipped from microsites at edges of runways and at 0.25 and 2 m away from runways. Concentrations of soil nitrate were highest along runway edges and lowest 2 m away, whereas those of ammonium were highest 0.25 m away from runways and lowest under runways and along runway edges. Biomass of plants from previous growth (litter) was higher along edges of runways than at 0.25 and 2 m from runway edges. In contrast to differences in soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations and in litter biomass among microsites, carbon: nitrogen (C:N) ratios of big bluestem and live plant biomass were similar among the three microsites. Our data suggest that prairie voles do affect nutrient dynamics and plant litter at a local scale in tallgrass prairie.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, C:N ratios, Herbivory, Microtus ochrogaster, nitrogen dynamics, plant biomass, plant-animal interaction, prairie vole, runways},
	doi = {10.1660/0022-8443(2007)110[100:EOPVRO]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Ross, B.E. and Reed, A.W. and Rehmeier, R.L. and Kaufman, G.A. and D.W. Kaufman}
}
@article {KNZ00972,
	title = {Effect of litter accumulation on seed predation in three prairie types},
	journal = {American Midland Naturalist},
	volume = {155},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {278 -285},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	author = {Reed, A.W. and Kaufman, G.A. and D.W. Kaufman}
}
@article {KNZ001039,
	title = {Species richness- productivity relationship for small mammals along a desert-grassland continuum:  differential responses of functional groups},
	journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {777 -783},
	abstract = {We used published data to calculate small-mammal species richness at 43 sites in North America to examine the response of species richness to increasing primary productivity. We estimated species richness for the entire community and for each of 4 functional groups (insectivore, granivore, herbivore, and omnivore). Total richness exhibited a significant unimodal relationship to increasing amounts of annual precipitation and was driven by granivores; this functional group exhibited the most pronounced decline in richness with high precipitation. We suggest that the decline in granivore richness is due to increased litter associated with increased productivity.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, desert, functional group, Grasslands, Primary productivity, Resource heterogeneity, small mammals, Species richness},
	doi = {10.1644/05-MAMM-A-253R2.1},
	author = {Reed, A.W. and Kaufman, G.A. and D.W. Kaufman}
}
@article {KNZ001037,
	title = {Rodent seed predation and GUDs:  effect of burning and topography},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1279 -1285},
	abstract = {We examined the relationships between seed predation and the habitat into which a seed falls, abundance of rodents within that habitat, and foraging pattern of rodents within that habitat. Using seed plots, we assessed seed predation in burned and unburned tallgrass prairies at biweekly intervals between May and September in 2001 and 2002. Significantly more seed was removed from plots in burned than unburned prairies. Rodent abundance did not differ between burned prairie and unburned prairie, although the abundance of omnivorous{\textendash}granivorous rodents (herbivores excluded) was greater in burned than unburned prairie. Proportion of seed removed in burned and unburned prairies was independent of both total rodent abundance and abundance of omnivorous{\textendash}granivorous rodents. We also measured giving-up density (GUD) of rodents in burned and unburned prairies during the spring and summer of 2002. GUDs did not differ significantly in burned and unburned prairies. However, rodents had a higher GUD in uplands than in limestone breaks or lowland habitats. Our results suggest that rodent foraging in tallgrass prairie is affected by microhabitat and that rodent abundance is not sufficient to predict seed predation.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1139/z05-124},
	author = {Reed, A.W. and Kaufman, G.A. and D.W. Kaufman}
}
@phdthesis {KNZ00958,
	title = {Granivory in the prairie of central North America},
	volume = {PhD Dissertation},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1 -111},
	school = {Kansas State University},
	type = {Ph.D. Thesis},
	address = {Manhattan, KS},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	author = {Reed, A.W.}
}
@article {KNZ00931,
	title = {Influence of fire, topography, and consumer abundance on seed predation in tallgrass prairie},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1459 -1467},
	abstract = {We assessed seed predation by vertebrates and invertebrates in three fire-frequency treatments (<1 year, 1{\textendash}4 years, and >4 years since fire) and in three topographic positions (upland, limestone breaks, and lowland) in tallgrass prairie. Two types of seed trays, one for vertebrates and one for invertebrates, were placed in each treatment during each nocturnal and diurnal period. Vertebrates removed significantly more seeds than did invertebrates. Fire frequency and topographic position affected seed removal by both vertebrates and invertebrates. Seed removal by invertebrates was influenced negatively by fire; the greatest seed removal occurred in uplands and lowlands in unburned prairie. Vertebrates removed the most seeds in burned prairie and in lowlands and limestone breaks. Time of day also influenced seed removal by vertebrates, as nocturnal vertebrates (assumed to be rodents) removed more seeds than diurnal vertebrates. Abundance of rodents, however, did not predict accurately seed removal in fire treatments or topographic positions, as rodents removed fewer seeds than expected in prairie that had not been burned in >4 years and in lowlands. This pattern likely was due to the presence of a well-developed plant litter layer in both unburned and lowland habitats, which reduces the likelihood of a rodent locating seeds.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1139/z04-126},
	author = {Reed, A.W. and Kaufman, G.A. and D.W. Kaufman}
}
@article {KNZ00968,
	title = {Influence of prey abundance on raptors in tallgrass prairie},
	journal = {Prairie Naturalist},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {23 -32},
	abstract = {<p>We examined relationships between winter abundance of diurnal raptors (red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis; rough-legged hawk, B. lagopus; ferruginous hawk, B. regalis; and northern harrier, Circus cyaneus) and both the abundance of microtine rodents (prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster; and southern bog lemming, Synaptomys cooperi) and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in tallgrass prairie. We used Christmas Bird Count data for each year during 1975 through 1999 from Manhattan, Kansas to index winter raptor abundance (number of hawks per party hour). Microtine rodent abundance (average number of microtine rodents per trapline in burned and unburned prairie) was estimated by using long-term data gathered from autumn and spring surveys along 14 permanent traplines from autumn 1981 to spring 2000 in tallgrass prairie on the Konza Prairie Biological Station. An estimate of ANPP for each year during 1975 through 1999 was provided by the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Winter raptor abundance was related positively to ANPP during the preceding growing season (P = 0.01) and to microtine abundance in the previous spring (P = 0.03). Based on a stepwise regression, 39\% of the annual variation in winter raptor counts was explained by ANPP and the log of spring microtine abundance. Overall, our analyses suggested that winter raptor abundance was higher in years with higher than lower prey availability, but that other factors also influenced winter raptor abundance.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, ANPP, microtine rodents, predator-prey, raptor, tallgrass prairie},
	author = {Reed, A.W. and Kaufman, G.A. and Rintoul, D.A. and D.W. Kaufman}
}
@article {KNZ00813,
	title = {Seed use by vertebrates and invertebrates in the tallgrass prairie},
	journal = {The Prairie Naturalist},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {153 -161},
	abstract = {Use of seeds by vertebrates and invertebrates was assessed during July through August 1994 in tallgrass prairie in eastern Kansas. Two seed trays were placed
at each of 40 stations with one tray available only to vertebrates and one tray available only to invertebrates during day or night. Two seed types, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne), were used because of their different sizes :llld shapes. The greatest amount of seed removed was by diurnal vertebrates followed nocturnal vertebrates and then invertebrates. The large seed type (proso millet) was preferred by both diurnal and nocturnal vertebrates. whereas invertebrates showed no prefrence for seed size. The impact of vertebrates on seeds appeared to be greater than the impact of invertebrates in tallgrass prairie in summer. },
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, ants, diurnal and nocturnal seed use, invertebrates, rodents, tallgrass prairie, vertebrates.},
	url = {https://www.sdstate.edu/nrm/organizations/gpnss/tpn/upload/33-3_Reed_et_al.pdf},
	author = {Reed, A.W. and Kaufman, G.A. and Boyer, J.E. and D.W. Kaufman}
}
