@article {KNZ00179, title = {Hydrologic and riparian influences on the import and storage of coarse particulate organic matter in a prairie stream}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science}, volume = {45}, year = {1988}, pages = {655 -665}, abstract = {

The hydrologic regime and zonation of riparian vegetation influenced the quantity and quality of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM; greater than 1 mm) stored in the channel and upper bank of a prairie stream. In a 5.4 km intermittent reach of the South Branch of Kings Creek on Konza Prairie, Kansas, total annual import was lowest in headwater reaches and increased downstream. Total storage of benthic CPOM in the dry channel on the bank before the flow period was highest in the fourth- and fifth-order gallery forest zone (999 g ash-free dry mass.m-2) and less in upstream reaches (320-341 g.m-2). These longitudinal patterns of CPOM annual import and storage (before the flow period) were opposite those predicted by the river continuum concept for streams draining forested regions. Following flow, headwater channels had more CPOM (291 g.m-2) than downstream reaches. On the bank, storage was always highest in downstream reaches. Composition of CPOM both in the channel and on the bank varied with changes in riparian vegetation; grass tissues dominated in headwater channels, while wood and leaves of trees and shrubs were more abundant downstream. During the flow period, storage of CPOM increased only in headwater channels, where retention was high despite the lack of woody debris. In this intermittent prairie stream, benthic CPOM may not contribute consistently to the terrestrial/aquatic linkages that are suggested in the river continuum concept because of (1) a paucity of large CPOM sources (e.g. trees, shrubs) in the upper reaches and (2) a hydrologic regime that reduces the amount , as well as the predictability, of stored CPOM. The biota of prairie streams must have opportunistic food gathering and reproductive strategies to take advantage of variable food resources in a flow environment that is itself very unpredictable

}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ, gallery forest}, doi = {10.1139/f88-079}, author = {Gurtz, M.E. and Marzolf, G.R. and Killingbeck, K.T. and Smith, D.L. and McArthur, J.V.} } @article {KNZ00151, title = {Changes in soluble nutrients of prairie riparian vegetation during decomposition on a floodplain}, journal = {The American Midland Naturalist}, volume = {117}, year = {1987}, pages = {26 -34}, abstract = {

Measurements of concentration of Mg, K, Ca, Na, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total N were made of the soluble fraction of leaves decomposing on the floodplain of a prairie stream. Differences in the concentrations of these nutrients were dependent on the species of leaf material and location on the floodplain. Leaves placed in the grassland reach of the stream had lower concentrations of soluble nutrients than leaves placed in the gallery forest. Correlations between concentration of leachable nutrients and cumulative precipitation or DOC were both positive and negative. Species differed in rank order of the nutrient concentration in leachates of their leaves. Bluestem and sycamore leaf leachate concentrations were low, whereas hackberry, elm and bur oak leaf leachate concentrations were relatively high

}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ}, doi = {10.2307/2425704}, author = {McArthur, J.V. and Marzolf, G.R.} } @article {KNZ00123, title = {Interactions of the bacterial assemblages of a prairie stream with dissolved organic carbon from riparian vegetation}, journal = {Hydrobiologia}, volume = {134}, year = {1986}, pages = {193 -199}, abstract = {

The zonation of riparian vegetation on the Konza Prairie Natural Area of Kansas (tallgrass prairie ecosystem) provided a situation where the influences on uptake rates of the different DOC qualities could be measured in the field. Leachates from grasses disappeared rapidly from stream water in in situ chambers at upstream sites in grassland reaches and at downstream sites in forested reaches. The reverse observation, uptake of leachates from trees, revealed that DOC disappeared rapidly from chambers placed in the forested reaches but bacteria in the grassland reaches did not utilize tree leachate as rapidly. The pattern varies seasonally. The interpretation of these observations was aided by aseptic laboratory culture on the different substrate types and by measurements in poisoned chambers to evaluate abiotic uptake

}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ, tallgrass prairie}, doi = {10.1007/BF00008487}, author = {McArthur, J.V. and Marzolf, G.R.} } @proceedings {KNZ0094, title = {The interaction of biological and hydrologic phenomena that mediate the quality of water draining native prairie on the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area}, journal = {Perspectives on Nonpoint Source Pollution}, year = {1985}, pages = {478 -482}, publisher = {U.S. Enviromental Protection Agency}, address = {Washington DC}, abstract = {

The quality of water from native landscapes in the baseline against which the impact of pollutants on surface water resources must be evaluated. The King\&$\#$39;s Creek watershed has been a U.S. Geological Survey benchmark watershed since 1979. It represents the landscape type tyat gave rise to much of the agricultural midwestern United States. Hydrologic, chemical, and biological measurements have been made by ecologists performing long-term ecological research (LTER) in tallgrass prairie. Streamwater chemistry varies seasonally with the amount and movement of groundwater and soil water, with changes in prairie vegetation, and in response to changes in surface water discharge. Concentrations of organic carbon, organ and inorganic nitrogen, and phosphorus increase during storm flows. The particulate fractions in transport and in storage in the stream bed and on the flood plain vary seasonally with recent hydrologic history and changes in vegetation

}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ, tallgrass prairie}, author = {McArthur, J.V. and Gurtz, M.E. and Tate, C.M. and Gilliam, F.S.} } @article {KNZ0093, title = {Response of bacteria isolated from a pristine prairie stream to concentration and source of soluble organic carbon}, journal = {Applied Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {49}, year = {1985}, pages = {238 -241}, abstract = {

Responses of native aquatic bacteria to source and concentration of dissolved organic carbon was observed by using gradient plates. Dissolved organic carbon of prairie (grasses) or gallery forest (bur oak) origin was used as the carbon source in these observations. Bacteria isolated from sediments in the grassland reaches of a prairie stream showed growth only on grass leachates. Bacteria isolated from the gallery forest reaches of the same stream were able to grow on plates made from either source of leachate. The differing quality, quantity, and rate of supply of these dissolved organic carbon sources should select for variation in the baterial assemblages

}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ, carbon, organic}, author = {McArthur, J.V. and Marzolf, G.R. and Urban, J.E.} } @phdthesis {KNZ0068, title = {Interactions of the bacterial assemblages in a prairie stream with dissolved organic carbon from riparian vegetation}, volume = {PhD Dissertation}, year = {1984}, pages = {1 -84}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Ph.D. Thesis}, address = {Manhattan, KS}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ, carbon, stream}, author = {McArthur, J.V.} } @article {KNZ0030, title = {Organic matter loading and processing in a pristine stream draining a tallgrass prairie/riparian forest watershed}, journal = {Kansas Water Resources Research Institute Contribution No}, volume = {230}, year = {1982}, pages = {1 -78}, abstract = {

The means by which organic matter enters and leaves streams and the rates at which it does so are significant determinants of water quality. This report documents the import, storage, decomposition, and export of organic matter in a prairie stream from natural sources in a watershed on the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area that contains no human activity other than ecological research. This prairie stream has features that differ from streams in forested watersheds. During this one-year study, the headwater channels were ephemeral and drained watersheds vegetated by grasses rather than trees. They received less organic matter from the watershed but retained a larger fraction of it. Intermittent third and fourth order channels flowed through riparian gallery forest in the lower portions of the watershed and received more organic matter than headwater channels. They retained less of it during the period of flow (i.e., more was exported during storm flows) so in situ decomposition was reduced. These exports represent pulses of organic matter loading downstream

}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ, organic matter, prairie, stream, tallgrass}, author = {Gurtz, M.E. and Marzolf, G.R. and Killingbeck, K.T. and Smith, D.L. and McArthur, J.V.} }