@article {KNZ001617,
	title = {Life history traits associated with body size covary along a latitudinal gradient in a generalist grasshopper},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {174},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {379 -391},
	abstract = {<p>Animal body size often varies systematically along latitudinal gradients, where individuals are either larger or smaller with varying season length. This study examines ecotypic responses by the generalist grasshopper Melanoplus femurrubrum (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in body size and covarying, physiologically based life history traits along a latitudinal gradient with respect to seasonality and energetics. The latitudinal compensation hypothesis predicts that smaller body size occurs in colder sites when populations must compensate for time constraints due to short seasons. Shorter season length requires faster developmental and growth rates to complete life cycles in one season. Using a common garden experimental design under laboratory conditions, we examined how grasshopper body size, consumption, developmental time, growth rate and metabolism varied among populations collected along an extended latitudinal gradient. When reared at the same temperature in the lab, individuals from northern populations were smaller, developed more rapidly, and showed higher growth rates, as expected for adaptations to shorter and generally cooler growing seasons. Temperature-dependent, whole organism metabolic rate scaled positively with body size and was lower at northern sites, but mass-specific standard metabolic rate did not differ among sites. Total food consumption varied positively with body size, but northern populations exhibited a higher mass-specific consumption rate. Overall, compensatory life history responses corresponded with key predictions of the latitudinal compensation hypothesis in response to season length.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, acrididae, Development time, Growth rate, Latitudinal compensation hypothesis, Melanoplus femurrubrum},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-013-2785-6},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs00442-013-2785-6},
	author = {Parsons, S. and Anthony Joern}
}
@article {KNZ001201,
	title = {Life history and production of the riffle beetle, Stenelmis crenata (Say) (Elmidae), in a tallgrass prairie stream},
	journal = {Aquatic Insects},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {197 -204},
	abstract = {<p>We examined life history dynamics and estimated production of the riffle beetle, Stenelmis crenata (Say, 1824), in a tallgrass prairie stream. Stenelmis crenata had a univoltine life cycle with larvae present year-round. Recruitment of first instars occurred from June\&ndash;October, larval growth was synchronised through the winter, pupation occurred in late spring, and adults first appeared in late May. Adults were most abundant (24 individuals/m2) during summer and were present in samples through October. For larval biomass and production estimates, a body length\&ndash;mass relationship (ash-free dry mass [AFDM] = 0.0079*TL2.7595) was constructed. Mean annual density and biomass of larvae were 235 individuals/m2 and 90.7 mg AFDM/m2, respectively. Annual larval production was 493 mg/m2/y, representing a total of \&sim;101 g AFDM for the stream reach examined. Production estimates for S. crenata in this stream were high compared to other estimates for elmids, and this species comprised an appreciable portion of total scraper (13.5\%) production.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, aquatic insect, grassland stream, Growth rate, Konza Prairie, life cycle},
	doi = {10.1080/01650420802331141},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01650420802331141},
	author = {Stagliano, D.M. and M.R. Whiles}
}
@article {KNZ00866,
	title = {Ecosystem significance of crayfishes and central stonerollers in a tallgrass prairie stream: Functional differences between co-occurring omnivores},
	journal = {Journal of the North American Benthological Society},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {423 -441},
	abstract = {The ecosystem significance of crayfishes (Orconectes nais (Faxon) and O. neglectus (Faxon)) and central stoneroller minnows (Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque)), was examined in a tallgrass prairie stream by estimating the trophic basis of production and consumption for each species. Annual ash-free dry mass production and production to biomass ratios of C. anomalum (260 mg m-2 y-1, 1.3) were lower than that of O. nais (719 mg m-2 y-1, 2.4) and O. neglectus (508 mg m-2 y-1, 2.1). Gut content analysis revealed no significant differences in the percentages of the various food items ingested by O. nais and O. neglectus, indicating they were functionally similar with respect to the types of organic matter processed in this system. We found a significant difference among seasons in the \% of invertebrates in C. anomalum guts (p = 0.0001) and the \% of algae in Orconectes spp. guts (p = 0.005), indicating the importance of measuring resource use throughout the growing season. Leaves contributed most to Orconectes spp. annual production (45\%) followed by animal matter (30\%), algae (19\%), and amorphous detritus (6\%). Algae contributed most to C. anomalum production (47\%) followed by amorphous detritus (30\%), animal matter (21\%), and leaves (2\%). Orconectes spp. consumed more leaf litter, filamentous green algae, and macroinvertebrates than C. anomalum, whereas C. anomalum consumed more diatoms. Crayfish and central stonerollers are both omnivores that function as important consumers and processors of algae and detritus in this tallgrass prairie stream, but each focuses on slightly different types of similar resources.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, central stonerollers, Growth rate, gut contents, omnivory, Orconectes, secondary production},
	doi = {10.2307/1468272},
	author = {M. Evans-White and W. K. Dodds and M.R. Whiles}
}
