02537nas a2200181 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300001300232490000700245520186700252653001902119100001602138700001802154700002202172700001602194700001902210856012602229 1988 eng d00aHydrologic and riparian influences on the import and storage of coarse particulate organic matter in a prairie stream0 aHydrologic and riparian influences on the import and storage of  a655 -6650 v453 a

The hydrologic regime and zonation of riparian vegetation influenced the quantity and quality of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM; greater than 1 mm) stored in the channel and upper bank of a prairie stream. In a 5.4 km intermittent reach of the South Branch of Kings Creek on Konza Prairie, Kansas, total annual import was lowest in headwater reaches and increased downstream. Total storage of benthic CPOM in the dry channel on the bank before the flow period was highest in the fourth- and fifth-order gallery forest zone (999 g ash-free dry mass.m-2) and less in upstream reaches (320-341 g.m-2). These longitudinal patterns of CPOM annual import and storage (before the flow period) were opposite those predicted by the river continuum concept for streams draining forested regions. Following flow, headwater channels had more CPOM (291 g.m-2) than downstream reaches. On the bank, storage was always highest in downstream reaches. Composition of CPOM both in the channel and on the bank varied with changes in riparian vegetation; grass tissues dominated in headwater channels, while wood and leaves of trees and shrubs were more abundant downstream. During the flow period, storage of CPOM increased only in headwater channels, where retention was high despite the lack of woody debris. In this intermittent prairie stream, benthic CPOM may not contribute consistently to the terrestrial/aquatic linkages that are suggested in the river continuum concept because of (1) a paucity of large CPOM sources (e.g. trees, shrubs) in the upper reaches and (2) a hydrologic regime that reduces the amount , as well as the predictability, of stored CPOM. The biota of prairie streams must have opportunistic food gathering and reproductive strategies to take advantage of variable food resources in a flow environment that is itself very unpredictable

10agallery forest1 aGurtz, M.E.1 aMarzolf, G.R.1 aKillingbeck, K.T.1 aSmith, D.L.1 aMcArthur, J.V. uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/hydrologic-and-riparian-influences-import-and-storage-coarse-particulate-organic-matter00884nas a2200133 4500008004100000245006700041210006700108300001100175490000700186520043200193653000900625100001800634856009800652 1988 eng d00aKonza Prairie Research Natural Area of Kansas State University0 aKonza Prairie Research Natural Area of Kansas State University a24 -290 v913 a

Research activity has been increasing steadily on KPRNA since 1977 when it was set aside for ecosystem research. The core of the management involves experimental manipulation of watersheds with controlled fire (several replicated intervals between fire from 1 to 10 years plus unburned references) and with native and domestic grazers (planned reintroduction of bison and cattle to different watersheds in November 1987)

10afire1 aMarzolf, G.R. uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/konza-prairie-research-natural-area-kansas-state-university01357nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142300001100211490000800222520083200230100001901062700001801081856012401099 1987 eng d00aChanges in soluble nutrients of prairie riparian vegetation during decomposition on a floodplain0 aChanges in soluble nutrients of prairie riparian vegetation duri a26 -340 v1173 a

Measurements of concentration of Mg, K, Ca, Na, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total N were made of the soluble fraction of leaves decomposing on the floodplain of a prairie stream. Differences in the concentrations of these nutrients were dependent on the species of leaf material and location on the floodplain. Leaves placed in the grassland reach of the stream had lower concentrations of soluble nutrients than leaves placed in the gallery forest. Correlations between concentration of leachable nutrients and cumulative precipitation or DOC were both positive and negative. Species differed in rank order of the nutrient concentration in leachates of their leaves. Bluestem and sycamore leaf leachate concentrations were low, whereas hackberry, elm and bur oak leaf leachate concentrations were relatively high

1 aMcArthur, J.V.1 aMarzolf, G.R. uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/changes-soluble-nutrients-prairie-riparian-vegetation-during-decomposition-floodplain01548nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137300001100206490000700217520101100224653001101235100001701246700001801263856012101281 1987 eng d00aDifferential decomposition of leaves in grassland and gallery forest reaches of Kings Creek0 aDifferential decomposition of leaves in grassland and gallery fo a17 -240 v903 a

The decomposition of autumn shed leaves of hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.) and elm (Ulmus americana L.) in a gallery forest reach and a grassland reach of Kings Creek was examined by placing 24 artificial leaf packs of each species at the two stream sites. Sampling was done after 24 hours and weekly thereafter for a seven week period. No differences between elm and hackberry leaf decomposition rates were measured. The mean percentage weight loss of elm leaves during the sampling period was 90.3% of their ash-free dry weight in the gallery forest reach and 88.9% in the grassland reach. The decay coefficients were - 0.0211 and -0.0199 respectively. Hackberry leaves lost 93.8% of their ash-free dry weight at both sites (decay coefficient of -0.025). Larvae of the leaf shredding insect, Tipula, were found to influence the decomposition process in the grassland reach but not in the gallery forest reach. The Tipula larvae were estimated to exert their greatest influence on the elm leaves

10ainsect1 aHooker, K.L.1 aMarzolf, G.R. uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/differential-decomposition-leaves-grassland-and-gallery-forest-reaches-kings-creek01419nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162300001300231490000800244520084000252653002201092100001901114700001801133856012201151 1986 eng d00aInteractions of the bacterial assemblages of a prairie stream with dissolved organic carbon from riparian vegetation0 aInteractions of the bacterial assemblages of a prairie stream wi a193 -1990 v1343 a

The zonation of riparian vegetation on the Konza Prairie Natural Area of Kansas (tallgrass prairie ecosystem) provided a situation where the influences on uptake rates of the different DOC qualities could be measured in the field. Leachates from grasses disappeared rapidly from stream water in in situ chambers at upstream sites in grassland reaches and at downstream sites in forested reaches. The reverse observation, uptake of leachates from trees, revealed that DOC disappeared rapidly from chambers placed in the forested reaches but bacteria in the grassland reaches did not utilize tree leachate as rapidly. The pattern varies seasonally. The interpretation of these observations was aided by aseptic laboratory culture on the different substrate types and by measurements in poisoned chambers to evaluate abiotic uptake

10atallgrass prairie1 aMcArthur, J.V.1 aMarzolf, G.R. uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/interactions-bacterial-assemblages-prairie-stream-dissolved-organic-carbon-riparian01303nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001300229490000700242520067800249653001100927653001200938100001900950700001800969700001600987856013001003 1985 eng d00aResponse of bacteria isolated from a pristine prairie stream to concentration and source of soluble organic carbon0 aResponse of bacteria isolated from a pristine prairie stream to  a238 -2410 v493 a

Responses of native aquatic bacteria to source and concentration of dissolved organic carbon was observed by using gradient plates. Dissolved organic carbon of prairie (grasses) or gallery forest (bur oak) origin was used as the carbon source in these observations. Bacteria isolated from sediments in the grassland reaches of a prairie stream showed growth only on grass leachates. Bacteria isolated from the gallery forest reaches of the same stream were able to grow on plates made from either source of leachate. The differing quality, quantity, and rate of supply of these dissolved organic carbon sources should select for variation in the baterial assemblages

10acarbon10aorganic1 aMcArthur, J.V.1 aMarzolf, G.R.1 aUrban, J.E. uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/response-bacteria-isolated-pristine-prairie-stream-concentration-and-source-soluble-organic00995nas a2200169 4500008004100000245005000041210004900091260005400140300001300194520044300207653002200650100002000672700001600692700001800708700001800726856008100744 1985 eng d00aWatershed research at Konza-tallgrass prairie0 aWatershed research at Konzatallgrass prairie aNew York, NYbAmerican Society of Civil Engineers a862 -8673 a

The Konza Prairie Research Natural Area is the only tallgrass prairie site in the network of Long-Term Ecological Research sites. Watershed research at Konza is designed to assist in increasing the understanding of water and nutrient cycling in the ecosystem and evaluating the role of fire and grazing on the maintenance of the ecosystem. Brief descriptions of the hydrology, instrumentation, and short- term results are presented

10atallgrass prairie1 aKoelliker, J.K.1 aGurtz, M.E.1 aMarzolf, G.R.1 aWaldrop, W.R. uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/watershed-research-konza-tallgrass-prairie01163nas a2200205 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001300197490000700210520050700217653001800724653000900742653001200751653001100763653001400774100002200788700001600810700001800826856011300844 1982 eng d00aChemical changes in tree leaves during decomposition in a tallgrass prairie stream0 aChemical changes in tree leaves during decomposition in a tallgr a585 -5890 v633 a

As part of an investigation into the movement patterns of elements in a prairie watershed, we performed preliminary leaf pack experiments in which the concentrations of 10 elements were measured in undecomposed gallery forest litterfall, and in the same litterfall as it decomposed in the adjacent tallgrass prairie stream. What we report here are the patterns of concentration change in these 10 elements for three dominant gallery forest tree species during 16 weeks of in-stream decomposition

10adecomposition10aleaf10aprairie10astream10atallgrass1 aKillingbeck, K.T.1 aSmith, D.L.1 aMarzolf, G.R. uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/chemical-changes-tree-leaves-during-decomposition-tallgrass-prairie-stream01825nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011800041210006900159300001000228490000800238520108700246653001901333653001201352653001101364653001401375100001601389700001801405700002201423700001601445700001901461856012701480 1982 eng d00aOrganic matter loading and processing in a pristine stream draining a tallgrass prairie/riparian forest watershed0 aOrganic matter loading and processing in a pristine stream drain a1 -780 v2303 a

The means by which organic matter enters and leaves streams and the rates at which it does so are significant determinants of water quality. This report documents the import, storage, decomposition, and export of organic matter in a prairie stream from natural sources in a watershed on the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area that contains no human activity other than ecological research. This prairie stream has features that differ from streams in forested watersheds. During this one-year study, the headwater channels were ephemeral and drained watersheds vegetated by grasses rather than trees. They received less organic matter from the watershed but retained a larger fraction of it. Intermittent third and fourth order channels flowed through riparian gallery forest in the lower portions of the watershed and received more organic matter than headwater channels. They retained less of it during the period of flow (i.e., more was exported during storm flows) so in situ decomposition was reduced. These exports represent pulses of organic matter loading downstream

10aorganic matter10aprairie10astream10atallgrass1 aGurtz, M.E.1 aMarzolf, G.R.1 aKillingbeck, K.T.1 aSmith, D.L.1 aMcArthur, J.V. uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/organic-matter-loading-and-processing-pristine-stream-draining-tallgrass-prairieriparian