01150nas a2200157   4500008004100000245007400041210006900115300001300184490000800197520061700205100001700822700001600839700002000855700001500875856010200890       1989                        eng d00aVariance in digestive efficiencies of four sympatric avian granivores0 aVariance in digestive efficiencies of four sympatric avian grani  a324 -3260 v1063 a<p>The efficiency with which an animal obtains energy from its diet is critical to its survival during stressful periods (e.g. winter in terperate zones). We determined the variance in digestive efficiencies among four winter sympatric bird species: the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), Harris&#39; Sparrow (Zonotrichia querula), and American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea). These species are granivorous birds characterized by strong beaks adapted for cracking seeds (Bent 1968). Of the four species, only the Northern Cardinal ia a year-round resident of Kansas</p>1 aShuman, T.W.1 aRobel, R.J.1 aZimmerman, J.L.1 aKemp, K.E.  uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/variance-digestive-efficiencies-four-sympatric-avian-granivores