02491nas a2200229   4500008004100000245006900041210006900110260004000179300001300219520176800232653001602000653002102016653002802037653002602065653001602091653003002107100001502137700001702152700001502169700001302184856006402197       2012                        eng d00aApplying soil ecological knowledge to restore ecosystem services0 aApplying soil ecological knowledge to restore ecosystem services  aOxford, UKbOxford University Press  a377 -3933 aEcological restoration is human-facilitated improvement of a degraded environment. This chapter synthesizes the relevance of soil ecological knowledge to restoration along a continuum of ecosystem degradation and in the context of novel ecosystems. At one end of the continuum, mining can result in severe soil degradation and contamination with metals. Restoration of mined sites often focuses on decontamination, and success can be affected by soil heterogeneity, organic matter content, and refugia for soil biota that possess biodegradation pathways. Former agricultural sites can exhibit a wide range of soil and ecosystem legacies, with restoration goals ranging from simply reducing erosion with perennial plants to establishing a suite of historic ecosystem attributes and services through the re-introduction of many species. Although recovery of soil structure and function can coincide with plant establishment, knowledge of soil processes and plant–soil feedbacks have been applied to promote resource heterogeneity and plant diversity, and to reduce non-native species in restored agricultural systems. Even in relatively undisturbed sites with high legacy of native plants and soil, invasions of undesirable species may occur. Restoration of invaded systems may necessitate knowledge of how invaders impact resource availability and capture, as well as potentially complex multi-trophic interactions and feedbacks with soil. Last, restoration of novel ecosystems with new and self-sustaining assemblages of plant species in no-analog environments may require sophisticated consideration of biogeochemistry, plant population and community dynamics, and soil ecology to reintroduce and sustain native species long extirpated from local environments.10aagriculture10aInvasive species10amining; novel ecosystem10aplant–soil feedback10arestoration10asoil ecological knowledge1 aBaer, S.G.1 aHeneghan, L.1 aEviner, V.1 aWall, D.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575923.003.003202276nas a2200229   4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001100229490000700240520154400247653001201791653001801803653001201821653001901833653002201852653002201874100001501896700002001911700001301931700001901944856008301963       2009                        eng d00aImpacts of management legacies on litter decomposition in response to reduced precipitation in a tallgrass prairie0 aImpacts of management legacies on litter decomposition in respon  a79 -850 v423 a<p>The response of ecosystem processes to current and future climatic events may be affected by historical disturbance regimes. Here, we address the interaction between reduced precipitation and the legacy effects of two contrasting long-term burn regimes in a tallgrass prairie (20 years of annual burning versus fire suppression). We examined rates of decomposition and the response of decomposition to reduced precipitation under rainout shelters in these two prairie types to assess potential interactions between legacy effects and reduced precipitation. To test the legacy effects of the different burn regimes, we placed experimental plots in each prairie type under a standardized management regime. In each plot, we ceased burning, mowed to maintain a standard canopy height, and maintained standard surface litter accumulation. We measured decay rates for surface litter, buried roots, and buried wooden dowels. While decomposition rates of substrates were reduced an average of approximately 29% under reduced precipitation, we found no significant main effects of burn history on decomposition on any of the substrates. However, in the recovery period following 2 years of an experimentally imposed drought, we did find an effect of burn history on decomposition and this effect varied for different substrates. Historical effects of management or natural disturbances on ecosystem processes may often be subtle or negated by compensatory responses, and in this study few legacy effects on decomposition rate were detected.</p>10aburning10adecomposition10aDrought10aLegacy effects10aManagement regime10atallgrass prairie1 aReed, H.E.1 aBlair, John, M.1 aWall, D.1 aSeastedt, T.R.  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929139309000274?via%3Dihub