02491nas a2200229   4500008004100000245006900041210006900110260004000179300001300219520176800232653001602000653002102016653002802037653002602065653001602091653003002107100001502137700001702152700001502169700001302184856006402197       2012                        eng d00aApplying soil ecological knowledge to restore ecosystem services0 aApplying soil ecological knowledge to restore ecosystem services  aOxford, UKbOxford University Press  a377 -3933 aEcological restoration is human-facilitated improvement of a degraded environment. This chapter synthesizes the relevance of soil ecological knowledge to restoration along a continuum of ecosystem degradation and in the context of novel ecosystems. At one end of the continuum, mining can result in severe soil degradation and contamination with metals. Restoration of mined sites often focuses on decontamination, and success can be affected by soil heterogeneity, organic matter content, and refugia for soil biota that possess biodegradation pathways. Former agricultural sites can exhibit a wide range of soil and ecosystem legacies, with restoration goals ranging from simply reducing erosion with perennial plants to establishing a suite of historic ecosystem attributes and services through the re-introduction of many species. Although recovery of soil structure and function can coincide with plant establishment, knowledge of soil processes and plant–soil feedbacks have been applied to promote resource heterogeneity and plant diversity, and to reduce non-native species in restored agricultural systems. Even in relatively undisturbed sites with high legacy of native plants and soil, invasions of undesirable species may occur. Restoration of invaded systems may necessitate knowledge of how invaders impact resource availability and capture, as well as potentially complex multi-trophic interactions and feedbacks with soil. Last, restoration of novel ecosystems with new and self-sustaining assemblages of plant species in no-analog environments may require sophisticated consideration of biogeochemistry, plant population and community dynamics, and soil ecology to reintroduce and sustain native species long extirpated from local environments.10aagriculture10aInvasive species10amining; novel ecosystem10aplant–soil feedback10arestoration10asoil ecological knowledge1 aBaer, S.G.1 aHeneghan, L.1 aEviner, V.1 aWall, D.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575923.003.003200619nas a2200157   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260003100213300001300244100001800257700001400275700001600289700001600305700001500321856012500336       2008                        eng d00aApplied biodiversity science: Managing emerging diseases in agriculture and linked natural systems0 aApplied biodiversity science Managing emerging diseases in agric  bPrinceton University Press  a368 -3861 aGarrett, K.A.1 aCox, C.M.1 aOstfeld, R.1 aKeesing, F.1 aEviner, V.  uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/applied-biodiversity-science-managing-emerging-diseases-agriculture-and-linked-natural