02529nas a2200421 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134300001400203490000800217520139200225100001601617700001901633700001901652700001601671700001401687700001801701700001601719700001901735700001501754700001601769700001701785700001801802700001801820700001901838700001701857700001401874700001301888700001701901700001501918700001801933700002101951700002001972700001701992700001702009700001702026700001602043856004802059 2016 eng d00aIntegrative modelling reveals mechanisms linking productivity and plant species richness0 aIntegrative modelling reveals mechanisms linking productivity an a390 - 3930 v5293 a
How ecosystem productivity and species richness are interrelated is one of the most debated subjects in the history of ecology1. Decades of intensive study have yet to discern the actual mechanisms behind observed global patterns2, 3. Here, by integrating the predictions from multiple theories into a single model and using data from 1,126 grassland plots spanning five continents, we detect the clear signals of numerous underlying mechanisms linking productivity and richness. We find that an integrative model has substantially higher explanatory power than traditional bivariate analyses. In addition, the specific results unveil several surprising findings that conflict with classical models4, 5, 6, 7. These include the isolation of a strong and consistent enhancement of productivity by richness, an effect in striking contrast with superficial data patterns. Also revealed is a consistent importance of competition across the full range of productivity values, in direct conflict with some (but not all) proposed models. The promotion of local richness by macroecological gradients in climatic favourability, generally seen as a competing hypothesis8, is also found to be important in our analysis. The results demonstrate that an integrative modelling approach leads to a major advance in our ability to discern the underlying processes operating in ecological systems.
1 aGrace, J.B.1 aAnderson, T.M.1 aSeabloom, E.W.1 aBorer, E.T.1 aAdler, P.1 aHarpole, W.S.1 aHautier, Y.1 aHillebrand, H.1 aLind, E.M.1 aPärtel, M.1 aBakker, J.D.1 aBuckley, Y.M.1 aCrawley, M.J.1 aDamschen, E.I.1 aDavies, K.F.1 aFay, P.A.1 aFirn, J.1 aGruner, D.S.1 aHector, A.1 aKnops, J.M.H.1 aMacDougall, A.S.1 aMelbourne, B.A.1 aMorgan, J.W.1 aOrrock, J.L.1 aProber, S.M.1 aSmith, M.D. uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/nature1652402915nas a2200697 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001100229490000600240520108600246653002401332653001201356653001901368100001901387700001601406700001601422700001801438700001701456700001301473700001801486700001601504700001301520700002101533700001701554700001701571700001401588700001901602700001701621700002001638700002101658700001601679700001801695700001601713700001201729700002101741700001801762700001901780700002201799700002001821700001101841700001401852700001501866700001701881700001601898700001501914700001901929700002001948700002001968700001401988700001402002700001802016700001602034700001802050700002802068700001502096700002002111700001102131700001102142700001702153856004702170 2015 eng d00aPlant species’ origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands0 aPlant species origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient a7710 -0 v63 aExotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species’ biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.
10aBiological sciences10aecology10aPlant sciences1 aSeabloom, E.W.1 aBorer, E.T.1 aBuckley, Y.1 aCleland, E.E.1 aDavies, K.F.1 aFirn, J.1 aHarpole, W.S.1 aHautier, Y.1 aLind, E.1 aMacDougall, A.S.1 aOrrock, J.L.1 aProber, S.M.1 aAdler, P.1 aAnderson, T.M.1 aBakker, J.D.1 aBiederman, L.A.1 aBlumenthal, D.M.1 aBrown, C.S.1 aBrudvig, L.A.1 aCadotte, M.1 aChu, C.1 aCottingham, K.L.1 aCrawley, M.J.1 aDamschen, E.I.1 aD’Antonio, C.M.1 aCeCrappeo, N.M.1 aDu, G.1 aFay, P.A.1 aFrater, P.1 aGruner, D.S.1 aHagenah, N.1 aHector, A.1 aHillebrand, H.1 aHofmockel, K.S.1 aHumphries, H.C.1 aJin, V.L.1 aKay, A.D.1 aKirkman, K.P.1 aKlein, J.A.1 aKnops, J.M.H.1 aLa Pierre, Kimberly, J.1 aLadwig, L.1 aLambrinos, J.G.1 aLi, Q.1 aLi, W.1 aMarushia, R. uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms871001982nas a2200757 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125300001400194490000800208100001600216700001900232700001700251700001700268700001900285700001500304700001400319700001600333700001900349700001700368700002000385700002100405700001600426700001800442700001800460700001600478700001200494700001800506700001800524700001400542700001900556700001700575700002000592700001100612700001300623700001600636700001800652700001500670700002400685700002000709700001600729700001800745700002800763700001900791700001100810700002100821700001900842700002000861700001900881700002200900700001800922700002100940700001700961700001600978700001700994700001501011700001401026700001601040700001601056700001801072700001901090700001901109700001601128700001701144700001501161856004801176 2014 eng d00aHerbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation0 aHerbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via l a517 - 5200 v5081 aBorer, E.T.1 aSeabloom, E.W.1 aGruner, D.S.1 aHarpole, W.S1 aHillebrand, H.1 aLind, E.M.1 aAdler, P.1 aAlberti, J.1 aAnderson, T.M.1 aBakker, J.D.1 aBiederman, L.A.1 aBlumenthal, D.M.1 aBrown, C.S.1 aBrudvig, L.A.1 aBuckley, Y.M.1 aCadotte, M.1 aChu, C.1 aCleland, E.E.1 aCrawley, M.J.1 aDaleo, P.1 aDamschen, E.I.1 aDavies, K.F.1 aDeCrappeo, N.M.1 aDu, G.1 aFirn, J.1 aHautier, Y.1 aHeckman, R.W.1 aHector, A.1 aHilleRisLambers, J.1 aIribarne, Oscar1 aKlein, J.A.1 aKnops, J.M.H.1 aLa Pierre, Kimberly, J.1 aLeakey, A.D.B.1 aLi, W.1 aMacDougall, A.S.1 aMcCulley, R.L.1 aMelbourne, B.A.1 aMitchell, C.E.1 aMoore, Joslin, L.1 aMortensen, B.1 aO'Halloran, L.R.1 aOrrock, J.L.1 aPascual, J.1 aProber, S.M.1 aPyke, D.A.1 aRisch, A.1 aSchuetz, M.1 aSmith, M.D.1 aStevens, C.J.1 aSullivan, L.L.1 aWilliams, R.J.1 aWragg, P.D.1 aWright, J.P.1 aYang, L.H. uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/nature1314402630nas a2200637 4500008004100000245006300041210006300104300001500167490000800182520095600190100001401146700001901160700001601179700001901195700001601214700001501230700001801245700002101263700001601284700001901300700001701319700002001336700001601356700001801372700002001390700001401410700001801424700002401442700002101466700001801487700001901505700001701524700002001541700001401561700001301575700001501588700001801603700001701621700001601638700002401654700002001678700001401698700001201712700001801724700001601742700001801758700002801776700002001804700001101824700002101835700001901856700002001875700001901895700002201914856005601936 2011 eng d00aProductivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness0 aProductivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness a1750 -17530 v3333 aFor more than 30 years, the relationship between net primary productivity and species richness has generated intense debate in ecology about the processes regulating local diversity. The original view, which is still widely accepted, holds that the relationship is hump-shaped, with richness first rising and then declining with increasing productivity. Although recent meta-analyses questioned the generality of hump-shaped patterns, these syntheses have been criticized for failing to account for methodological differences among studies. We addressed such concerns by conducting standardized sampling in 48 herbaceous-dominated plant communities on five continents. We found no clear relationship between productivity and fine-scale (meters−2) richness within sites, within regions, or across the globe. Ecologists should focus on fresh, mechanistic approaches to understanding the multivariate links between productivity and richness.
1 aAdler, P.1 aSeabloom, E.W.1 aBorer, E.T.1 aHillebrand, H.1 aHautier, Y.1 aHector, A.1 aHarpole, W.S.1 aO'Halloran, L.R.1 aGrace, J.B.1 aAnderson, T.M.1 aBakker, J.D.1 aBiederman, L.A.1 aBrown, C.S.1 aBuckley, Y.M.1 aCalabrese, L.B.1 aChu, C.J.1 aCleland, E.E.1 aCollins, Scott., L.1 aCottingham, K.L.1 aCrawley, M.J.1 aDamschen, E.I.1 aDavies, K.F.1 aDeCrappeo, N.M.1 aFay, P.A.1 aFirn, J.1 aFrater, P.1 aGasarch, E.I.1 aGruner, D.S.1 aHagenah, N.1 aHilleRisLambers, J.1 aHumphries, H.C.1 aJin, V.L.1 aKay, A.1 aKirkman, K.P.1 aKlein, J.A.1 aKnops, J.M.H.1 aLa Pierre, Kimberly, J.1 aLambrinos, J.G.1 aLi, W.1 aMacDougall, A.S.1 aMcCulley, R.L.1 aMelbourne, B.A.1 aMitchell, C.E.1 aMoore, Joslin, L. uhttp://science.sciencemag.org/content/333/6050/175001994nas a2200265 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120300001300189490000700202520119800209100001601407700001901423700001601442700001701458700001901475700001401494700001501508700001701523700001501540700001701555700001401572700001601586700001701602856010901619 2007 eng d00aDoes species diversity limitproductivity in natural grassland communities?0 aDoes species diversity limitproductivity in natural grassland co a680 -6890 v103 aTheoretical analyses and experimental studies of synthesized assemblages indicate that under particular circumstances species diversity can enhance community productivity through niche complementarity. It remains unclear whether this process has important effects in mature natural ecosystems where competitive feedbacks and complex environmental influences affect diversity–productivity relationships. In this study, we evaluated diversity–productivity relationships while statistically controlling for environmental influences in 12 natural grassland ecosystems. Because diversity–productivity relationships are conspicuously nonlinear, we developed a nonlinear structural equation modeling (SEM) methodology to separate the effects of diversity on productivity from the effects of productivity on diversity. Meta-analysis was used to summarize the SEM findings across studies. While competitive effects were readily detected, enhancement of production by diversity was not. These results suggest that the influence of small-scale diversity on productivity in mature natural systems is a weak force, both in absolute terms and relative to the effects of other controls on productivity.1 aGrace, J.B.1 aAnderson, T.M.1 aSmith, M.D.1 aSeabloom, E.1 aAndelman, S.J.1 aMeche, G.1 aWeiher, E.1 aAllain, L.K.1 aJutila, H.1 aSankaran, M.1 aKnops, J.1 aRitchie, M.1 aWhiles, M.R. uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/does-species-diversity-limitproductivity-natural-grassland-communities