02398nas a2200241   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300001500214490000700229520165400236653003801890653001801928653001701946653001301963653002401976653001602000100001402016700001702030700001502047700001302062700001802075856006302093       2013                        eng d00aSpatial connectedness of plant species: potential links for apparent competition via plant diseases0 aSpatial connectedness of plant species potential links for appar  a1195 -14280 v623 a<p>This study evaluated the reactions of seven common C4 grasses of the tallgrass prairie of the USA Great Plains to the economically important wheat pathogens Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) isolated from wheat. The P. tritici-repentis isolates (race 1) were pathogenic on all grasses tested, but symptom severity was markedly low. Three of the grass species inoculated with Ggt were highly susceptible, while four species exhibited no symptoms. Because measures of connectedness can provide a proxy for population processes, connectedness was evaluated within and among the seven grass species in representative tallgrass prairie environments for all potential pathogen-sharing patterns. Andropogon gerardii was ubiquitous, so all plant species were well connected to it. Andropogon scoparius (= Schizachyrium scoparium), Sorghastrum nutans and Panicum virgatum were fairly common but specialized to particular environments. Bouteloua curtipendula was uncommon but occurred in all environments, while Buchloë dactyloides and Bouteloua gracilis were uncommon and only occurred in upland sites. Co-occurrence of plant species was generally not reciprocal in that, for many species pairs, species A rarely occurred without potential exposure to inoculum from species B, while species B commonly occurred without species A. The three grass species susceptible to Ggt may act as sources of inoculum for each other within tallgrass prairie, with the potential to influence fitness, and tallgrass prairie and commercial wheat ecosystems in the Great Plains also have the potential to share both pathogens.</p>10aagriculture–wildlands interface10abiofuel crops10agraph theory10anetworks10apathogen spill-over10aswitchgrass1 aCox, C.M.1 aBockus, W.W.1 aHolt, R.D.1 aFang, L.1 aGarrett, K.A.  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ppa.1204502448nas a2200205   4500008004100000245009300041210006900134300001500203490000700218520174700225653001401972653001901986653001902005653002102024653002102045653002202066100001502088700001502103856012402118       2006                        eng d00aFire frequency and mosaic burning effects on atallgrass prairie ground beetle assemblage0 aFire frequency and mosaic burning effects on atallgrass prairie   a2301 -23230 v153 aFire frequency has significant effects on the biota of tallgrass prairie, including mammals, vascular plants and birds. Recent concern has been expressed that widespread annual burning, sometimes in combination with heavy livestock grazing, negatively impacts the biota of remaining prairie remnants. A common management recommendation, intended to address this problem, is to create a landscape with a mosaic of different burn regimes. Pitfall trapping was used to investigate the impacts of fire pattern on the diversity and species composition of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at Konza Prairie Biological Station in eastern Kansas, USA. Trapping was conducted over three seasons in landscape units burned on average every 1, 4, or 20 years, and in a fourth season across the available range of vegetative structure to assess the variability of the community within the study system. In the fifth season communities were also followed immediately after two fire events to detect within-season effects of fire and to study short-term patterns of post-disturbance community assembly. Fire frequency had comparatively minimal effects on ground beetle diversity measures, and most numerically common species were observed widely across habitat and management types. Fire frequency effects were manifested primarily in changes in abundance of common species. Colonization of burned areas apparently did not occur from juxtaposed non-burned areas, but from underground or from long distances. While these results suggest that widespread annual burning of tallgrass prairie remnants may not have dramatic effects on prairie ground beetles, we urge caution regarding the application of these results to other taxa within tallgrass prairie.10aCarabidae10aFire frequency10aGround beetles10aPitfall trapping10aSpecies richness10atallgrass prairie1 aCook, W.M.1 aHolt, R.D.  uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/fire-frequency-and-mosaic-burning-effects-atallgrass-prairie-ground-beetle-assemblage