00688nas a2200145 4500008004100000245019800041210006900239100002100308700001700329700001600346700001800362700001700380700001500397856013000412 2013 eng d00aEnvironmental impacts of wind power development on the population biology of Greater Prairie-Chickens. U.S. Department of Energy, Final Project Report for Award DOE/EE0000526 (technical report)0 aEnvironmental impacts of wind power development on the populatio1 aSandercock, B.K.1 aWisely, S.M.1 aMcNew, L.B.1 aGregory, A.J.1 aWinder, V.L.1 aHunt, L.M. uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/environmental-impacts-wind-power-development-population-biology-greater-prairie-chickens-us03021nas a2200253 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300001400233490000700247520215100254653001802405653001502423653004302438653001802481653004202499653002502541653002502566653003402591100001602625700001802641700001702659700002102676856007002697 2012 eng d00aDemography of Greater Prairie-Chickens: regional variation in vital rates, sensitivity values, and population dynamics0 aDemography of Greater PrairieChickens regional variation in vita a987 -10000 v763 a
Intensification of rangeland management has coincided with population declines among obligate grassland species in the largest remaining tallgrass prairie in North America, although causes of declines remain unknown. We modeled population dynamics and conducted sensitivity analyses from demographic data collected for an obligate grassland bird that is an indicator species for tallgrass prairie, the greater prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido), during a 4-year study in east-central Kansas, USA. We examined components of reproductive effort and success, juvenile survival, and annual adult female survival for 3 populations of prairie-chickens across an ecological gradient of human landscape alteration and land use. We observed regional differences in reproductive performance, survivorship, and population dynamics. All 3 populations of prairie-chickens were projected to decline steeply given observed vital rates, but rates of decline differed across a gradient of landscape alteration, with the greatest declines in fragmented landscapes. Elasticity values, variance-scaled sensitivities, and contribution values from a random-effects life-table response experiment all showed that the finite rate of population change was more sensitive to changes in adult survival than other demographic parameters in our declining populations. The rate of population change was also sensitive to nest survival at the most fragmented and least intensively grazed study site; suggesting that patterns of landscape fragmentation and land use may be affecting the relative influences of underlying vital rates on rates of population growth. Our model results indicate that 1) populations of prairie-chickens in eastern Kansas are unlikely to be viable without gains from immigration, 2) rates of population decline vary among areas under different land management practices, 3) human land-use patterns may affect the relative influences of vital rates on population trajectories, and 4) anthropogenic effects on population demography may influence the regional life-history strategies of a short-lived game bird. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
10acontributions10aelasticity10aland use and land cover change (LULCC)10aLeslie matrix10alife-table response experiment (LTRE)10apopulation viability10aprospective analysis10avariance-scaled sensitivities1 aMcNew, L.B.1 aGregory, A.J.1 aWisely, S.M.1 aSandercock, B.K. uhttps://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jwmg.36902324nas a2200241 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001300207490000800220520159300228653002501821653001401846653002501860653002201885653001901907653002101926653001501947653002101962100001601983700002101999700001702020856004502037 2011 eng d00aGenetic parentage and local population structure in the socially monogamous Upland Sandpiper0 aGenetic parentage and local population structure in the socially a119 -1280 v1133 aFor a single lineage of birds, the diversity of mating systems and parental care among shorebirds (Charadrii) is high, which has made them an important group for investigations of the evolution of social mating systems. From 2003 to 2007, we studied a population of the Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) at Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeastern Kansas. Our objectives were to determine the genetic mating system of this socially monogamous shorebird and to determine whether spatial patterns of philopatry and nest placement might affect opportunities for extra-pair mating. We used six microsatellite markers to estimate rates of extra-pair paternity in 58 family groups (107 parents, 184 offspring). We found that 30% of broods contained extra-pair offspring, representing 15% of chicks, the highest rate of extra-pair paternity ever reported in a socially monogamous shorebird. High rates of extra-pair paternity were not due to the degree of relatedness between partners in mated pairs, and they did not result in greater diversity among broods with extra-pair young. We used a spatial genetic-autocorrelation analysis and found evidence for relatedness among females nesting <1 km apart. The Upland Sandpiper might have a high rate of extra-pair paternity because related females nest synchronously and in close proximity, but the probability of extra-pair young was not related to nest density or distance to nearest nest. Female-biased natal philopatry is unusual among birds but is consistent with the mate-defense mating system of the Upland Sandpiper.
10aBartramia longicauda10adispersal10aExtra-pair paternity10agenetic structure10amating systems10anatal philopatry10ashorebirds10aUpland Sandpiper1 aCasey, A.E.1 aSandercock, B.K.1 aWisely, S.M. uhttps://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.10010000538nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007000041210006900111300001100180490000700191100001800198700001600216700001700232700002100249700001700270856009300287 2011 eng d00aHierarchical modeling of lek habitats of Greater Prairie-Chickens0 aHierarchical modeling of lek habitats of Greater PrairieChickens a21 -320 v391 aGregory, A.J.1 aMcNew, L.B.1 aPrebyl, T.J.1 aSandercock, B.K.1 aWisely, S.M. uhttps://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/documents/R2ES/LitCited/LPC_2012/Gregory_et_al_2011.pdf02334nas a2200193 4500008004100000245014700041210006900188300001500257490000700272520166900279653002001948653001601968653002001984653002202004100001602026700001702042700001502059856006602074 2011 eng d00aHistorical processes and landscape context influence genetic structure in peripheral populations of the collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris)0 aHistorical processes and landscape context influence genetic str a1125 -11360 v263 aPopulations at the periphery of a species’ range often show reduced genetic variability within populations and increased genetic divergence among populations compared to those at the core, but the mechanisms that give rise to this core-periphery pattern in genetic structure can be multifaceted. Peripheral population characteristics may be a product of historical processes, such as founder effects or population expansion, or due to the contemporary influence of landscape context on gene flow. We sampled collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) at four locations within the northern Flint Hills of Kansas, which is at the northern periphery of their range, to determine the genetic variability and extent of genetic divergence among populations for ten microsatellite loci (n = 229). We found low genetic variability (average allelic richness = 3.37 ± 0.23 SE; average heterozygosity = 0.54 ± 0.05 SE) and moderate population divergence (average FST = 0.08 ± 0.01 SE) among our sample sites relative to estimates reported in the literature at the core of the species’ range in Texas. We also identified differences in dispersal rates among sampling locations. Gene flow within the Flint Hills was thus greater than for other peripheral populations of collared lizards, such as the Missouri glade system where most of the mesic grasslands have been converted to forest since the last glacial retreat, which appears to have greatly impeded gene flow among populations. Our findings signify the importance of considering landscape context when evaluating core-peripheral trends in genetic diversity and population structure.
10aCollared lizard10aFlint Hills10aMicrosatellites10atallgrass prairie1 aBlevins, E.1 aWisely, S.M.1 aWith, K.A. uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10980-011-9631-100512nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121300001300190490000700203100001600210700001800226700001700244700002100261856008400282 2011 eng d00aHuman-mediated selection on life-history traits of Greater Prairie-Chickens0 aHumanmediated selection on lifehistory traits of Greater Prairie a255 -2660 v391 aMcNew, L.B.1 aGregory, A.J.1 aWisely, S.M.1 aSandercock, B.K. uhttps://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/landbirds/pdfs/McNew_etal_2011_sab2.pdf00573nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260004300244300001100287490002100298100001800319700002100337700001700358856005200375 2011 eng d00aThe influence of behavioral and landscape ecology on Greater Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido) genetic structure and evolution0 ainfluence of behavioral and landscape ecology on Greater Prairie aManhattan, KSbKansas State University a1 -1290 vPhD Dissertation1 aGregory, A.J.1 aSandercock, B.K.1 aWisely, S.M. uhttp://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/853002514nas a2200265 4500008004100000245019200041210006900233300001300302490000700315520163700322653002001959653001701979653001401996653001802010653001402028653001402042653002602056653002302082653002002105653001002125100001502135700001702150700001502167856006602182 2011 eng d00aPopulation genetic structure and landscape connectivity of the Eastern Yellowbelly Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) in the contiguous tallgrass prairie of northeastern Kansas, USA0 aPopulation genetic structure and landscape connectivity of the E a281 -2940 v263 aThe tallgrass prairie of North America has undergone widespread habitat loss and fragmentation (<4% remains). The Flint Hills region of Kansas and Oklahoma is the largest tallgrass prairie remaining and therefore provides an opportunity to study the population genetic structure of grassland species in a relatively contiguous landscape and set a baseline for evaluating changes when the habitat is fragmented. We adopted a landscape genetics approach to identify how landscape structure affected dispersal, population genetic structure, and landscape connectivity of the Eastern Yellowbelly Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) across a 13,500-km2 landscape in northeastern Kansas, USA. The racer population had high allelic diversity, high heterozygosity, and was maintaining migration-drift equilibrium. Autocorrelation between genetic and geographic distance revealed that racers exhibited restricted dispersal within 3 km, and isolation-by-distance. Significant isolation-by-distance occurred at broad regional scales (>100 km), but because of sufficient gene flow between locations, we were unable to define discrete subpopulations using Bayesian clustering analyses. Resistance distance, which considers the permeability of habitats, did not explain significant variation in genetic distance beyond Euclidean distance alone, suggesting that racers are not currently influenced by landscape composition. In northeastern Kansas, racers appear to be an abundant and continuously distributed snake that perceives the landscape as well connected with no cover type currently impeding snake dispersal or gene flow.
10aAutocorrelation10aconservation10adispersal10aFragmentation10aGene flow10agrassland10aIsolation-by-distance10aLandscape genetics10aMicrosatellites10aSnake1 aKlug, P.E.1 aWisely, S.M.1 aWith, K.A. uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10980-010-9554-200510nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001300188490000700201100001600208700001800224700001700242700002100259856008400280 2011 eng d00aReproductive biology of a southern population of Greater Prairie-Chickens0 aReproductive biology of a southern population of Greater Prairie a209 -2210 v391 aMcNew, L.B.1 aGregory, A.J.1 aWisely, S.M.1 aSandercock, B.K. uhttps://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/landbirds/pdfs/McNew_etal_2011_sab1.pdf02410nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300001500220490000700235520184100242100001602083700001402099700001902113700001402132700001702146856007702163 2010 eng d00aComparative genome scan detects host-related divergent selection in the grasshopper Hesperotettix viridis0 aComparative genome scan detects hostrelated divergent selection a4012 -40280 v193 aIn this study, we used a comparative genome scan to examine patterns of population differentiation with respect to host plant use in Hesperotettix viridis, a Nearctic oligophagous grasshopper locally specialized on various Asteraceae including Solidago, Gutierrezia, and Ericameria. We identified amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci with significantly elevated FST (outlier loci) in multiple different-host and same-host comparisons of populations while controlling for geographic distance. By comparing the number and identities of outlier loci in different-host vs. same-host comparisons, we found evidence of host plant-related divergent selection for some population comparisons (Solidago- vs. Gutierrezia-feeders), while other comparisons (Ericameria- vs. Gutierrezia-feeders) failed to demonstrate a strong role for host association in population differentiation. In comparisons of Solidago- vs. Gutierrezia-feeding populations, a relatively high number of outlier loci observed repeatedly in different-host comparisons (35% of all outliers and 2.7% of all 625 AFLP loci) indicated a significant role for host-related selection in contributing to overall genomic differentiation in this grasshopper. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data revealed a star-shaped phylogeny with no host- or geography-related structure, low nucleotide diversity, and high haplotype diversity, suggesting a recent population expansion. mtDNA data do not suggest a long period of isolation in separate glacial refugia but are instead more compatible with a single glacial refugium and more recent divergence in host use. Our study adds to research documenting heterogeneity in differentiation across the genome as a consequence of divergent natural selection, a phenomenon that may occur as part of the process of ecological speciation.
1 aApple, J.L.1 aGrace, T.1 aJoern, Anthony1 aAmand, P.1 aWisely, S.M. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04792.x02672nas a2200325 4500008004100000245014900041210006900190300001300259490000800272520162800280653001401908653002601922653002301948653002301971653003101994653001602025653002002041653003102061653002702092653002802119653002102147653001302168100001402181700001502195700001902210700001702229700001602246700001802262856006602280 2010 eng d00aDivergent host plant adaptation drives the evolution of reproductive isolation in the grasshopper Hesperotettix viridis (Orthoptera: Acrididae)0 aDivergent host plant adaptation drives the evolution of reproduc a866 -8780 v1003 aEarly stages of lineage divergence in insect herbivores are often related to shifts in host plant use and divergence in mating capabilities, which may lead to sexual isolation of populations of herbivorous insects. We examined host preferences, degree of differentiation in mate choice, and divergence in cuticular morphology using near-infrared spectroscopy in the grasshopper Hesperotettix viridis aiming to understand lineage divergence. In Kansas (USA), H. viridis is an oligophagous species feeding on Gutierrezia and Solidago host species. To identify incipient mechanisms of lineage divergence and isolation, we compared host choice, mate choice, and phenotypic divergence among natural grasshopper populations in zones of contact with populations encountering only one of the host species. A significant host-based preference from the two host groups was detected in host-paired feeding preference studies. No-choice mate selection experiments revealed a preference for individuals collected from the same host species independent of geographic location, and little mating was observed between individuals collected from different host species. Female mate choice tests between males from the two host species resulted in 100% fidelity with respect to host use. Significant differentiation in colour and cuticular composition of individuals from different host plants was observed, which correlated positively with host choice and mate choice. No evidence for reinforcement in the zone of contact was detected, suggesting that divergent selection for host plant use promotes sexual isolation in this species.
10aallopatry10aecological speciation10afeeding preference10agenetic divergence10ahost-associated divergence10amate choice10aMicrosatellites10anear-infrared spectroscopy10areproductive isolation10asecondary contact zones10asexual isolation10asympatry1 aGrace, T.1 aDowell, F.1 aJoern, Anthony1 aWisely, S.M.1 aBrown, S.J.1 aMaghirang, E. uhttps://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/100/4/866/245053703341nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012500041210006900166300001100235490000700246520268300253100001602936700001802952700001702970700002102987856017503008 2009 eng d00aEstimating the stage of incubation for nests of Greater Prairie-chickens using egg flotation: a float curve for grousers0 aEstimating the stage of incubation for nests of Greater Prairiec a12 -140 v383 aIntroduction Researchers often require accurate estimates of incubation stage for back-calculating the timing of nest initiation or predicting the date of hatching to capture young, to determine the durations of egg-laying, incubation and the construction of breeding phenologies, and to calculate nest productivity. Estimates of nest age are also critical for assessment of the influence of temporal variation in nest survival, and to model daily nest survival as a function of individual-or time-specific covariates (Dinsmore et al. 2002). For example, the timing of nest losses is often related to nest success and the probability of renesting (Schroeder 1997, Pitman et al. 2006, McNew et al. in press). Egg flotation is one of the most common methods employed for estimating stage of embryo development with egg flotation-development relationships documented for many species of birds (Hays & LeCroy 1971, Dunn et al. 1979, Fisher and Sengel 1991, Custer et al. 1992, Brua & Machin 2000, Liebezeit et al. 2007). To our knowledge, there are no published techniques to estimate stage of incubation for nests of grouse. Field biologists estimating stage of incubation for eggs of grouse nests have often used a modified version of an egg flotation technique developed for captive ring-neck pheasants Phasianus colchicus and gray partridges Perdix perdix (Westerskov 1950, Martin & Cooke 1987). It is unknown whether egg flotation can be used to accurately assess age of grouse nests under field conditions. As part of a larger study on the breeding ecology of greater prairie-chickens Tympanuchus cupido; (hereafter "prairie-chickens"), McNew et al. (in press) developed a regression model to accurately predict the stage of incubation for nests from egg flotation angles and egg buoyancy. Methods Prairie-chickens were captured with walk-in traps and drop-nets at leks during March–May of 2006–2008 at three study sites in eastern Kansas, USA (Schroeder & Braun 1991, Silvy et al. 1990). Females were fitted with radio transmitters and located via triangulation >4 times/week during the nesting period (April–July), and daily once it was determined from movement patterns that a female was nesting. Once a female had localized in an area for 3 successive days, we located and flushed the bird so that the eggs could be counted and the nest location recorded with a GPS unit. Females with nests were monitored daily from a distance of >100 m. Nest sites were revisited during incubation to assess clutch size and incubation stage. Figure 1. Estimating the float angle or height of a greater prairie-chicken egg. This egg is floating at ~90° and is not yet buoyant. 1 aMcNew, L.B.1 aGregory, A.J.1 aWisely, S.M.1 aSandercock, B.K. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/228517269_Estimating_the_stage_of_incubation_for_nests_of_Greater_Prairie-Chickens_using_egg_flotation_a_float_curve_for_grousers02412nas a2200229 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001100207490000600218520170800224653001601932653002501948653001001973653002101983653001002004653002102014100001602035700001602051700002102067700001702088856007702105 2009 eng d00aHeteroduplex molecules cause sexing errors in a standard molecular protocol for avian sexing0 aHeteroduplex molecules cause sexing errors in a standard molecul a61 -650 v93 aMolecular methods are a necessary tool for sexing monomorphic birds. These molecular approaches are usually reliable, but sexing protocols should be evaluated carefully because biochemical interactions may lead to errors. We optimized laboratory protocols for genetic sexing of a monomorphic shorebird, the upland sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda), using two independent sets of primers, P2/P8 and 2550F/2718R, to amplify regions of the sex-linked CHD-Z and CHD-W genes. We discovered polymorphisms in the region of the CHD-Z intron amplified by the primers P2/P8 which caused four males to be misidentified as females (n = 90 mated pairs). We cloned and sequenced one CHD-W allele (370 bp) and three CHD-Z alleles in our population: Z° (335 bp), Z′ (331 bp) and Z″ (330 bp). Normal (Z°Z°) males showed one band in agarose gel analysis and were easily differentiated from females (Z°W), which showed two bands. However, males heterozygous for CHD-Z alleles (Z′Z″) unexpectedly showed two bands in a pattern similar to females. While the Z′ and Z″ fragments contained only short deletions, they annealed together during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process and formed heteroduplex molecules that were similar in size to the W fragment. Errors previously reported for molecular sex-assignment have usually been due to allelic dropout, causing females to be misidentified as males. Here, we report evidence that events in PCRs can lead to the opposite error, with males misidentified as females. We recommend use of multiple primer sets and large samples of known-sex birds for validation when designing protocols for molecular sex analysis.
10a2550F/2718R10aBartramia longicauda10aCHD-Z10amolecular sexing10aP2/P810aUpland Sandpiper1 aCasey, A.E.1 aJones, K.L.1 aSandercock, B.K.1 aWisely, S.M. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02307.x01984nas a2200229 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001100216490000700227520109300234653002601327653003101353653002101384653002701405653002601432100001401458700001901472700001601491700001601507700001701523856021401540 2009 eng d00aHighly polymorphic microsatellites in the North American snakeweed grasshopper, Hesperotettix viridis0 aHighly polymorphic microsatellites in the North American snakewe a19 -210 v183 aMicrosatellite markers are preferred for fine-scale population genetic studies requiring high resolution. The grasshopper Hesperotettix viridis (Thomas) is an oligophagous species that feeds on composites and often exhibits locally restricted diets. Divergence in host plant use in some localities is seen where co-occurring subpopulations select alternate plant species, as expected with the evolution of host shifts and associated lineage divergence. To characterize the host-associated divergence patterns among populations of H. viridis, we developed markers from two microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries. Here we report the characterization and optimization of seven polymorphic di- and tri-nucleotide microsatellite loci for this species. One hundred and six individuals from 5 populations were tested for polymorphism. The number of alleles varied from 4 to 38 in all the populations. Ho ranged from 0.339 to 0.790. Homozygote excess was observed across loci, perhaps due to inbreeding. This is the first report of microsatellite markers for the subfamily Melanoplinae.
10aHesperotettix viridis10ahost-associated divergence10alocal adaptation10amicrosatellite markers10asnakeweed grasshopper1 aGrace, T.1 aJoern, Anthony1 aBrown, S.J.1 aApple, J.L.1 aWisely, S.M. uhttps://bioone.org/journals/Journal-of-Orthoptera-Research/volume-18/issue-1/034.018.0111/Highly-Polymorphic-Microsatellites-in-the-North-American-Snakeweed-Grasshopper-iHesperotettix/10.1665/034.018.0111.full01306nas a2200253 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142300001300211490000600224520052300230653002000753653001700773653002200790653002700812653001800839653001800857100001700875700001500892700001600907700001600923700001900939700001700958856007700975 2009 eng d00aPolymorphic microsatellite markers for the striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis, and other mephitids0 aPolymorphic microsatellite markers for the striped skunk Mephiti a383 -3850 v93 aWe report 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci primers developed for striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), a widespread mesocarnivore in North America. Numbers of alleles in these loci ranged from seven to 14 and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.76 to 1.0. These primers will be useful for studying population dynamics of skunks where rabies is endemic and will be useful to estimate genetic relatedness among females sharing winter dens. Most of these primers amplify across species within the Mephitidae.
10ahog-nosed skunk10ahooded skunk10aMephitis mephitis10amicrosatellite primers10aspotted skunk10astriped skunk1 aDragoo, J.W.1 aCoan, K.E.1 aMoore, K.A.1 aHenke, S.E.1 aFleisher, R.C.1 aWisely, S.M. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02463.x