01506nas a2200481 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300001200214490000800226100002700234700002700261700002700288700001700315700002200332700001700354700002400371700001900395700002100414700002500435700002300460700002500483700002900508700002000537700001900557700002200576700002000598700002000618700001800638700001800656700002600674700002700700700002600727700002000753700002300773700002600796700002200822700001600844700002100860700002300881700002000904700002400924856007600948 2023 eng d00aNutrient addition drives declines in grassland species richness primarily via enhanced species loss0 aNutrient addition drives declines in grassland species richness a552-5630 v1111 aMuehleisen, Andrew, J.1 aWatkins, Carmen, R. E.1 aAltmire, Gabriella, R.1 aShaw, Ashley1 aCase, Madelon, F.1 aAoyama, Lina1 aBrambila, Alejandro1 aReed, Paul, B.1 aLaForgia, Marina1 aBorer, Elizabeth, T.1 aSeabloom, Eric, W.1 aBakker, Jonathan, D.1 aAmillas, Carlos, Alberto1 aBiederman, Lori1 aChen, Qingqing1 aCleland, Elsa, E.1 aFay, Philip, A.1 aHagenah, Nicole1 aHarpole, Stan1 aHautier, Yann1 aHenning, Jeremiah, A.1 aKnops, Johannes, M. H.1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aLadouceur, Emma1 aMacDougall, Andrew1 aMcCulley, Rebecca, L.1 aMoore, Joslin, L.1 aOhlert, Tim1 aPower, Sally, A.1 aStevens, Carly, J.1 aWilfahrt, Peter1 aHallett, Lauren, M. uhttps://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.1403801036nas a2200337 4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210007100148300001000219490000800229100001800237700001700255700001700272700001700289700002600306700002300332700001800355700001800373700002400391700002000415700002100435700001900456700001900475700001900494700002000513700002600533700002900559700002400588700001700612856006900629 2022 eng d a0012-965800aDo trade‐offs govern plant species’ responses to different global change treatments?0 aDo trade‐offs govern plant species responses to different global ae36260 v1031 aLangley, Adam1 aGrman, Emily1 aWilcox, K.R.1 aAvolio, M.L.1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aCollins, Scott, L.1 aKoerner, S.E.1 aSmith, M., D.1 aBaldwin, Andrew, H.1 aBowman, William1 aChiariello, Nona1 aEskelinen, Anu1 aHarmens, Harry1 aHovenden, Mark1 aKlanderud, Kari1 aMcCulley, Rebecca, L.1 aOnipchenko, Vladimir, G.1 aRobinson, Clare, H.1 aSuding, K.N. uhttps://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.362601841nas a2200613 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143300001400212490000700226100002000233700002200253700002400275700002000299700002100319700001800340700003000358700002500388700002300413700002300436700002500459700002200484700002200506700001900528700002300547700002900570700001700599700001600616700001800632700002100650700002000671700002000691700001800711700001800729700003300747700002600780700002300806700002300829700002200852700002100874700002000895700001400915700001800929700002100947700002400968700001900992700002301011700002301034700002401057700002001081700002301101700002401124700002101148856005801169 2022 eng d00aLinking changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment0 aLinking changes in species composition and biomass in a globally a2699-27120 v251 aLadouceur, Emma1 aBlowes, Shane, A.1 aChase, Jonathan, M.1 aClark, Adam, T.1 aGarbowski, Magda1 aAlberti, Juan1 aArnillas, Carlos, Alberto1 aBakker, Jonathan, D.1 aBarrio, Isabel, C.1 aBharath, Siddharth1 aBorer, Elizabeth, T.1 aBrudvig, Lars, A.1 aCadotte, Marc, W.1 aChen, Qingqing1 aCollins, Scott, L.1 aDickman, Christopher, R.1 aDonohue, Ian1 aDu, Guozhen1 aEbeling, Anne1 aEisenhauer, Nico1 aFay, Philip, A.1 aHagenah, Nicole1 aHautier, Yann1 aJentsch, Anke1 aJónsdóttir, Ingibjörg, S.1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aMacDougall, Andrew1 aMartina, Jason, P.1 aMoore, Joslin, L.1 aMorgan, John, W.1 aPeri, Pablo, L.1 aPower, A.1 aRen, Zhengwei1 aRisch, Anita, C.1 aRoscher, Christiane1 aSchuchardt, A.1 aSeabloom, Eric, W.1 aStevens, Carly, J.1 aVeen, G.F., (Ciska)1 aVirtanen, Risto1 aWardle, Glenda, M.1 aWilfahrt, Peter, A.1 aHarpole, Stanley uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.1412601017nas a2200337 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123300001000192490000700202100001700209700002600226700001800252700001700270700001900287700002300306700001700329700002200346700002400368700002400392700002400416700002200440700001900462700002300481700001200504700002400516700002100540700001600561700001400577700001800591856007000609 2022 eng d00aMaking sense of multivariate community responses in global change experiments0 aMaking sense of multivariate community responses in global chang ae42490 v131 aAvolio, M.L.1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aKoerner, S.E.1 aGrman, Emily1 aIsbell, Forest1 aJohnson, David, S.1 aWilcox, K.R.1 aAlatalo, Juha, M.1 aBaldwin, Andrew, H.1 aBeierkuhnlein, Carl1 aBritton, Andrea, J.1 aFoster, Bryan, L.1 aHarmens, Harry1 aKern, Christel, C.1 aLi, Wei1 aMcLaren, Jennie, R.1 aReich, Peter, B.1 aSouza, Lara1 aYu, Qiang1 aZhang, Yunhai uhttps://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.424901585nas a2200529 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132300001400201490000800215100001800223700002200241700002100263700002500284700001500309700002400324700002500348700002400373700001700397700002200414700001700436700002100453700001900474700002000493700001900513700001800532700002000550700001900570700002600589700001700615700002600632700002200658700001900680700002000699700002100719700002400740700001400764700002400778700002100802700001700823700002300840700002000863700002500883700002100908700002000929700002500949856008100974 2022 eng d00aNutrient enrichment increases invertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage in grasslands0 aNutrient enrichment increases invertebrate herbivory and pathoge a327 - 3390 v1101 aEbeling, Anne1 aStrauss, Alex, T.1 aAdler, Peter, B.1 aArnillas, Carlos, A.1 aBarrio, C.1 aBiederman, Lori, A.1 aBorer, Elizabeth, T.1 aBugalho, Miguel, N.1 aCaldeira, C.1 aCadotte, Marc, W.1 aDaleo, Pedro1 aEisenhauer, Nico1 aEskelinen, Anu1 aFay, Philip, A.1 aFirn, Jennifer1 aGraff, Pamela1 aHagenah, Nicole1 aHaider, Sylvia1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aMcCulley, L.1 aMitchell, Charles, E.1 aMoore, Joslin, L.1 aPascual, Jesus1 aPeri, Pablo, L.1 aPower, Sally, A.1 aProber, Suzanne, M.1 aRisch, C.1 aRoscher, Christiane1 aSankaran, Mahesh1 aSeabloom, W.1 aSchielzeth, Holger1 aSchütz, Martin1 aSpeziale, Karina, L.1 aTedder, Michelle1 aVirtanen, Risto1 aBlumenthal, Dana, M. uhttps://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2745.1380102608nas a2200493 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144300001400213490000800227520114900235100002001384700001701404700002301421700002501444700001701469700001601486700001801502700002001520700002301540700002101563700002501584700002001609700002401629700002001653700001901673700002201692700002001714700002701734700002601761700002301787700002201810700002201832700002101854700002501875700002001900700002101920700001901941700002401960700002001984700002702004700002102031856006202052 2022 eng d a1461-023X00aNutrient identity modifies the destabilising effects of eutrophication in grasslands0 aNutrient identity modifies the destabilising effects of eutrophi a754 - 7650 v2593 a
Nutrient enrichment can simultaneously increase and destabilise plant biomass production, with co-limitation by multiple nutrients potentially intensifying these effects. Here, we test how factorial additions of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium with essential nutrients (K+) affect the stability (mean/standard deviation) of aboveground biomass in 34 grasslands over 7 years. Destabilisation with fertilisation was prevalent but was driven by single nutrients, not synergistic nutrient interactions. On average, N-based treatments increased mean biomass production by 21–51% but increased its standard deviation by 40–68% and so consistently reduced stability. Adding P increased interannual variability and reduced stability without altering mean biomass, while K+ had no general effects. Declines in stability were largest in the most nutrient-limited grasslands, or where nutrients reduced species richness or intensified species synchrony. We show that nutrients can differentially impact the stability of biomass production, with N and P in particular disproportionately increasing its interannual variability.
1 aCarroll, Oliver1 aBatzer, Evan1 aBharath, Siddharth1 aBorer, Elizabeth, T.1 aCampana, ía1 aEsch, Ellen1 aHautier, Yann1 aOhlert, Timothy1 aSeabloom, Eric, W.1 aAdler, Peter, B.1 aBakker, Jonathan, D.1 aBiederman, Lori1 aBugalho, Miguel, N.1 aCaldeira, Maria1 aChen, Qingqing1 aDavies, Kendi, F.1 aFay, Philip, A.1 aKnops, Johannes, M. H.1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aMartina, Jason, P.1 aMcCann, Kevin, S.1 aMoore, Joslin, L.1 aMorgan, John, W.1 aMuraina, Taofeek, O.1 aOsborne, Brooke1 aRisch, Anita, C.1 aStevens, Carly1 aWilfahrt, Peter, A.1 aYahdjian, Laura1 aMacDougall, Andrew, S.1 aPeñuelas, Josep uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ele.1394602075nas a2200145 4500008004100000245004600041210004600087300001400133490000800147520165900155100001501814700002601829700001601855856005801871 2021 eng d00aDefining codominance in plant communities0 aDefining codominance in plant communities a1716-17300 v2303 aSpecies dominance and biodiversity in plant communities have received considerable attention and characterisation. However, species codominance, while often alleged, is seldom defined or quantified. Codominance is a common phenomenon and is likely to be an important driver of community structure, ecosystem function and the stability of both. Here we review the use of the term ‘codominance’ and find inconsistencies in its use, suggesting that the scientific community currently lacks a universal understanding of codominance. We address this issue by: (1) qualitatively defining codominance as mostly shared abundance that is distinctively isolated within a subset of a community, and (2) presenting a novel metric for quantifying the degree to which relative abundances are shared among a codominant subset of plant species, while also accounting for the remaining species within a plant community. Using both simulated and real‐world data, we then demonstrate the process of applying the codominance metric to compare communities and to generate a quantitatively defensible subset of species to consider codominant within a community. We show that our metric effectively distinguishes the degree of codominance between four types of grassland ecosystems as well as simulated ecosystems with varying degrees of abundance sharing among community members. Overall, we make the case that increased research focusses on the conditions under which codominance occurs and the consequences for species coexistence, community structure and ecosystem function that would considerably advance the fields of community and ecosystem ecology.
1 aGray, J.E.1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aSmith, M.D. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.1725302369nas a2200457 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130300001400199490000700213520103900220100001701259700002601276700001701302700001701319700001801336700002101354700001701375700001501392700001901407700002401426700001801450700001701468700001901485700001901504700001801523700002301541700002001564700002201584700001801606700002401624700002601648700002401674700002101698700002301719700002301742700002601765700001801791700002401809700002001833856005801853 2021 eng d00aDeterminants of community compositional change are equally affected by global change0 aDeterminants of community compositional change are equally affec a1892-19040 v243 aGlobal change is impacting plant community composition, but the mechanisms underlying these changes are unclear. Using a dataset of 58 global change experiments, we tested the five fundamental mechanisms of community change: changes in evenness and richness, reordering, species gains and losses. We found 71% of communities were impacted by global change treatments, and 88% of communities that were exposed to two or more global change drivers were impacted. Further, all mechanisms of change were equally likely to be affected by global change treatments—species losses and changes in richness were just as common as species gains and reordering. We also found no evidence of a progression of community changes, for example, reordering and changes in evenness did not precede species gains and losses. We demonstrate that all processes underlying plant community composition changes are equally affected by treatments and often occur simultaneously, necessitating a wholistic approach to quantifying community changes.
1 aAvolio, M.L.1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aCollins, S.L1 aGrman, Emily1 aKoerner, S.E.1 aTredennick, A.T.1 aWilcox, K.R.1 aBaer, S.G.1 aBoughton, E.H.1 aBritton, Andrea, J.1 aFoster, Bryan1 aGough, Laura1 aHovenden, Mark1 aIsbell, Forest1 aJentsch, Anke1 aJohnson, David, S.1 aKnapp, Alan, K.1 aKreyling, Juergen1 aLangley, Adam1 aLortie, Christopher1 aMcCulley, Rebecca, L.1 aMcLaren, Jennie, R.1 aReich, Peter, B.1 aSeabloom, Eric, W.1 aSmith, Melinda, D.1 aSuding, Katharine, N.1 aSuttle, Blake1 aTognetti, Pedro, M.1 aAnderson, Marti uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.1382402654nas a2200457 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156300001100225490000800236520140500244100001901649700001601668700001601684700001801700700001801718700001801736700001701754700001201771700001401783700001301797700001601810700002001826700001601846700001501862700001701877700001501894700001801909700002601927700001701953700001901970700001901989700001602008700001702024700001502041700001702056700001602073700001602089700001802105700001602123856005702139 2021 eng d00aIncreasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity loss and ecosystem productivity over time0 aIncreasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diver ae032180 v1023 aHuman activities are enriching many of Earth’s ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient‐induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer timeframes, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5‐11 years of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in twelve countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient‐induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass, however nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short‐term experiments may underestimate the long‐term nutrient enrichment effects on global, grassland ecosystems.
1 aSeabloom, E.W.1 aAdler, P.B.1 aAlberti, J.1 aBiederman, L.1 aBuckley, Y.M.1 aCadotte, M.W.1 aCollins, S.L1 aDee, L.1 aFay, P.A.1 aFirn, J.1 aHagenah, N.1 aHarpole, W., S.1 aHautier, Y.1 aHector, A.1 aHobbie, S.E.1 aIsbell, F.1 aKnops, J.M.H.1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aLaungani, R.1 aMacDougall, A.1 aMcCulley, R.L.1 aMoore, J.L.1 aMorgan, J.W.1 aOhlert, T.1 aProber, S.M.1 aRisch, A.C.1 aSchuetz, M.1 aStevens, C.J.1 aBorer, E.T. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.321801394nas a2200445 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300001600214490000800230100002400238700002400262700001800286700002600304700001900330700002100349700002000370700002300390700002000413700002500433700002300458700003000481700002500511700002300536700002200559700002400581700001700605700002000622700002000642700002700662700002000689700001800709700002600727700002600753700002000779700002500799700002300824700002100847700002100868856005900889 2021 eng d00aNegative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide0 aNegative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosph ae20237181180 v1181 aTognetti, Pedro, M.1 aProber, Suzanne, M.1 aBáez, Selene1 aChaneton, Enrique, J.1 aFirn, Jennifer1 aRisch, Anita, C.1 aSchuetz, Martin1 aSimonsen, Anna, K.1 aYahdjian, Laura1 aBorer, Elizabeth, T.1 aSeabloom, Eric, W.1 aArnillas, Carlos, Alberto1 aBakker, Jonathan, D.1 aBrown, Cynthia, S.1 aCadotte, Marc, W.1 aCaldeira, Maria, C.1 aDaleo, Pedro1 aDwyer, John, M.1 aFay, Philip, A.1 aGherardi, Laureano, A.1 aHagenah, Nicole1 aHautier, Yann1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aMcCulley, Rebecca, L.1 aPrice, Jodi, N.1 aStandish, Rachel, J.1 aStevens, Carly, J.1 aWragg, Peter, D.1 aSankaran, Mahesh uhttp://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.202371811801536nas a2200505 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128490000800197100002400205700002200229700002300251700002600274700001700300700002500317700002500342700002000367700002200387700001800409700001700427700001900444700001900463700002100482700001800503700001800521700002600539700002100565700002300586700002600609700002200635700002100657700002100678700002300699700002000722700002100742700001600763700002100779700002000800700002200820700001900842700002700861700002400888700002000912700002500932856007300957 2021 eng d00aTemporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity0 aTemporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk t0 v1021 aWilfahrt, Peter, A.1 aAsmus, Ashley, L.1 aSeabloom, Eric, W.1 aHenning, Jeremiah, A.1 aAdler, Peter1 aArnillas, Carlos, A.1 aBakker, Jonathan, D.1 aBiederman, Lori1 aBrudvig, Lars, A.1 aCadotte, Marc1 aDaleo, Pedro1 aEskelinen, Anu1 aFirn, Jennifer1 aHarpole, Stanley1 aHautier, Yann1 aKirkman, K.P.1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aLaungani, Ramesh1 aMacDougall, Andrew1 aMcCulley, Rebecca, L.1 aMoore, Joslin, L.1 aMorgan, John, W.1 aMortensen, Brent1 aHueso, Raul, Ochoa1 aOhlert, Timothy1 aPower, Sally, A.1 aPrice, Jodi1 aRisch, Anita, C.1 aSchuetz, Martin1 aShoemaker, Lauren1 aStevens, Carly1 aStrauss, Alexander, T.1 aTognetti, Pedro, M.1 aVirtanen, Risto1 aBorer, Elizabeth, T. uhttps://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecy.350400513nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012100041210007100162300001200233490000700245100002100252700001800273700002600291856006200317 2020 eng d00aEffects of white‐tailed deer exclusion on the plant community composition of an upland tallgrass prairie ecosystem0 aEffects of white‐tailed deer exclusion on the plant community co a899-9070 v311 aBloodworth, K.J.1 aRitchie, M.E.1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jvs.1291002163nas a2200301 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117300001200186490000800198520129700206100001601503700001801519700002001537700001701557700001701574700001701591700001701608700001701625700001301642700001801655700001701673700002601690700001701716700001701733700001101750700002001761856008001781 2020 eng d00aMass ratio effects underlie ecosystem responses to environmental change0 aMass ratio effects underlie ecosystem responses to environmental a855-8640 v1083 a1. Random species loss has been shown experimentally to reduce ecosystem function, sometimes more than other anthropogenic environmental changes. Yet, controversy surrounds the importance of this finding for natural systems where species loss is non‐random.
2. We compiled data from 16 multi‐year experiments located at a single native tallgrass prairie site. These experiments included responses to 11 anthropogenic environmental changes, as well as non‐random biodiversity loss either the removal of uncommon/rare plant species or the most common (dominant) species.
3. As predicted by the mass ratio hypothesis, loss of a dominant species had large impacts on productivity that were comparable to other anthropogenic drivers. In contrast, the loss of uncommon/rare species had small effects on productivity despite having the largest effects on species richness.
4. The anthropogenic drivers that had the largest effects on productivity nitrogen, irrigation, and fire experienced not only loss of species but also significant changes in the abundance and identity of dominant species.
5. Synthesis. These results suggest that mass ratio effects, rather than species loss per se, are an important determinant of ecosystem function with environmental change.
Univariate and multivariate methods are commonly used to explore the spatial and temporaldynamics of ecological communities, but each has limitations, including oversimplification or abstractionof communities. Rank abundance curves (RACs) potentially integrate these existing methodologies bydetailing species-level community changes. Here, we had three goals:first, to simplify analysis of commu-nity dynamics by developing a coordinated set of R functions, and second, to demystify the relationshipsamong univariate, multivariate, and RACs measures, and examine how each is influenced by the commu-nity parameters as well as data collection methods. We developed new functions for studying temporalchanges and spatial differences in RACs in an update to the R package library(“codyn”), alongside othernew functions to calculate univariate and multivariate measures of community dynamics. We also devel-oped a new approach to studying changes in the shape of RAC curves. The R package update presentedhere increases the accessibility of univariate and multivariate measures of community change over timeand difference over space. Next, we use simulated and real data to assess the RAC and multivariate mea-sures that are output from our new functions, studying (1) if they are influenced by species richness andevenness, temporal turnover, and spatial variability and (2) how the measures are related to each other.Lastly, we explore the use of the measures with an example from a long-term nutrient addition experiment.Wefind that the RAC and multivariate measures are not sensitive to species richness and evenness andthat all the measures detail unique aspects of temporal change or spatial differences. We alsofind that spe-cies reordering is the strongest correlate of a multivariate measure of compositional change and explainsmost community change observed in long-term nutrient addition experiment. Overall, we show that spe-cies reordering is potentially an understudied determinant of community changes over time or differencesbetween treatments. The functions developed here should enhance the use of RACs to further explore thedynamics of ecological communities.
1 aAvolio, M.L.1 aCarroll, I.1 aCollins, Scott., L.1 aHouseman, Gregory, R.1 aHallett, L.M.1 aIsbell, F.L.1 aKoerner, S.E.1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aSmith, M.D.1 aWilcox, K.R. uhttps://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.288101745nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001100202490000800213520107000221100002301291700002101314700001801335700002601353700002501379700001901404700002601423700001601449856007401465 2019 eng d00aEffects of nutrient supply, herbivory, and host community on fungal endophyte diversity0 aEffects of nutrient supply herbivory and host community on funga ae027580 v1003 aThe microbes contained within free‐living organisms can alter host growth, reproduction, and interactions with the environment. In turn, processes occurring at larger scales determine the local biotic and abiotic environment of each host that may affect the diversity and composition of the microbiome community. Here, we examine variation in the diversity and composition of the foliar fungal microbiome in the grass host, Andropogon gerardii, across four mesic prairies in the central United States. Composition of fungal endophyte communities differed among sites and among individuals within a site, but was not consistently affected by experimental manipulation of nutrient supply to hosts (A. gerardii) or herbivore reduction via fencing. In contrast, mean fungal diversity was similar among sites but was limited by total plant biomass at the plot scale. Our work demonstrates that distributed experiments motivated by ecological theory are a powerful tool to unravel the multiscale processes governing microbial community composition and diversity.
1 aSeabloom, Eric, W.1 aCondon, Bradford1 aKinkel, Linda1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aLumibao, Candice, Y.1 aMay, Georgiana1 aMcCulley, Rebecca, L.1 aBorer, E.T. uhttps://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecy.275804634nas a2201021 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158300001600227490000800243520186900251100002602120700001702146700002402163700001902187700001702206700002602223700002302249700001802272700001702290700002202307700001902329700001402348700001502362700002402377700001402401700002202415700001702437700002002454700001802474700001702492700002102509700002802530700001702558700002402575700002202599700002602621700002102647700001802668700002402686700002402710700001102734700001902745700001902764700001502783700001402798700001402812700001802826700001202844700001602856700001902872700001902891700001602910700001902926700002002945700002002965700002202985700001103007700001403018700001903032700002403051700002303075700001703098700002503115700001903140700001803159700002003177700001603197700002403213700001803237700001503255700001903270700001603289700003203305700001603337700001703353700001703370700001603387700001803403700001703421700001903438700001403457700001503471700001703486700001103503700001903514700001803533856006103551 2019 eng d00aGlobal change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed0 aGlobal change effects on plant communities are magnified by time a17867-178730 v1163 aGlobal change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caused a difference in community composition without a corresponding species richness difference, indicating that species reordering or replacement is an important mechanism of community responses to GCDs and should be given greater consideration when examining consequences of GCDs for the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship. Human activities are currently driving unparalleled global changes worldwide. Our analyses provide the most comprehensive evidence to date that these human activities may have widespread impacts on plant community composition globally, which will increase in frequency over time and be greater in areas where communities face multiple GCDs simultaneously.
1 aKomatsu, Kimberly, J.1 aAvolio, M.L.1 aLemoine, Nathan, P.1 aIsbell, Forest1 aGrman, Emily1 aHouseman, Gregory, R.1 aKoerner, Sally, E.1 aJohnson, D.S.1 aWilcox, K.R.1 aAlatalo, Juha, M.1 aAnderson, J.P.1 aAerts, R.1 aBaer, S.G.1 aBaldwin, Andrew, H.1 aBates, J.1 aBeierkuhnlein, C.1 aBelote, R.T.1 aBlair, John, M.1 aBloor, J.M.G.1 aBohlen, P.J.1 aBork, Edward, W.1 aBoughton, Elizabeth, H.1 aBowman, W.D.1 aBritton, Andrea, J.1 aCahill, James, F.1 aChaneton, Enrique, J.1 aChiariello, N.R.1 aCheng, Jimin.1 aCollins, Scott., L.1 aCornelissen, J.H.C.1 aDu, G.1 aEskelinen, Anu1 aFirn, Jennifer1 aFoster, B.1 aGough, L.1 aGross, K.1 aHallett, L.M.1 aHan, X.1 aHarmens, H.1 aHovenden, M.J.1 aJagerbrand, A.1 aJentsch, A.1 aKern, Christel1 aKlanderud, Kari1 aKnapp, Alan, K.1 aKreyling, Juergen1 aLi, W.1 aLuo, Yiqi1 aMcCulley, R.L.1 aMcLaren, Jennie, R.1 aMegonigal, Patrick1 aMorgan, J.W.1 aOnipchenko, Vladimir1 aPennings, S.C.1 aPrevéy, J.S.1 aPrice, Jodi, N.1 aReich, P.B.1 aRobinson, Clare, H.1 aRussell, L.F.1 aSala, O.E.1 aSeabloom, E.W.1 aSmith, M.D.1 aSoudzilovskaia, Nadejda, A.1 aSouza, Lara1 aSuding, K.N.1 aSuttle, B.K.1 aSvejcar, T.1 aTilman, David1 aTognetti, P.1 aTurkington, R.1 aWhite, S.1 aXu, Zhuwen1 aYahdjian, L.1 aYu, Q.1 aZhang, Pengfei1 aZhang, Yunhai uhttps://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/08/14/1819027116