02018nas a2200229   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131300001300200490000800213520133600221653002901557653001401586653001701600653001601617653001501633100001201648700001501660700001801675700001301693700001601706856006601722       2008                        eng d00aComparison of damage to native and exotic tallgrass prairie plants by natural enemies0 aComparison of damage to native and exotic tallgrass prairie plan  a197 -2100 v1983 a<p>We surveyed the prevalence and amount of leaf damage related to herbivory and pathogens on 12 pairs of exotic (invasive and noninvasive) and ecologically similar native plant species in tallgrass prairie to examine whether patterns of damage match predictions from the enemy release hypothesis. We also assessed whether natural enemy impacts differed in response to key environmental factors in tallgrass prairie by surveying the prevalence of rust on the dominant C4 grass, Andropogon gerardii, and its congeneric invasive exotic C4 grass, A. bladhii, in response to fire and nitrogen fertilization treatments. Overall, we found that the native species sustain 56.4% more overall leaf damage and 83.6% more herbivore-related leaf damage when compared to the exotic species. Moreover, we found that the invasive exotic species sustained less damage from enemies relative to their corresponding native species than the noninvasive exotic species. Finally, we found that burning and nitrogen fertilization both significantly increased the prevalence of rust fungi in the native grass, while rust fungi rarely occurred on the exotic grass. These results indicate that reduced damage from enemies may in part explain the successful naturalization of exotic species and the spread of invasive exotic species in tallgrass prairie.</p>10aEnemy release hypothesis10agrassland10aInvasiveness10aLeaf damage10aRust fungi1 aHan, X.1 aDend, S.P.1 aGarrett, K.A.1 aFang, L.1 aSmith, M.D.  uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11258-008-9395-001904nas a2200205   4500008004100000245008100041210006900122300001300191490000800204520121900212653002801431653001701459653002301476653002201499653001501521100001701536700001801553700001701571856011001588       2005                        eng d00aCompetition, facilitation, and niche differentiation in two foliar pathogens0 aCompetition facilitation and niche differentiation in two foliar  a449 -4570 v1433 aWe studied competition between the obligate biotroph Puccinia triticina (designated here as Puccinia) and the facultative saprophyte Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (designated here as Pyrenophora) in older and younger leaves in a set of three host genotypes selected to be resistant to Puccinia only, Pyrenophora only, or neither. Age-related resistance is important for both of these pathogens. The facultative saprophyte Pyrenophora was generally a stronger competitor than the biotrophic Puccinia, even experiencing facilitation from the presence of Puccinia when Pyrenophora had the advantage of earlier inoculation. Both pathogen species produced the most spores when they were introduced before the competing species and more spores when introduced simultaneously compared to after the competitor. The pre-interactive niche of Puccinia was larger than the post-interactive niche and sporulation by Puccinia was substantially reduced in environments in which Pyrenophora had high sporulation rates. The pre-interactive niche of Pyrenophora was similar to the post-interactive niche and Pyrenophora had proportionally lower reductions in sporulation due to interspecific competition in the pre-interactive niche.10aFacultative saprophytes10aImpact niche10aObligate parasites10aRequirement niche10aRust fungi1 aAl-Naimi, F.1 aGarrett, K.A.1 aBockus, W.W.  uhttp://lter.konza.ksu.edu/content/competition-facilitation-and-niche-differentiation-two-foliar-pathogens