%0 Journal Article %J Journal of the American Water Resources Association %D 2016 %T Bison and cattle grazing management, bare ground coverage, and links to suspended sediment concentrations in grassland streams %A Grudzinski, B.P. %A Daniels, M.D. %A Anibas, K. %A Spencer, D. %X

This study quantified the impact of bison and cattle grazing management practices on bare ground coverage at the watershed, riparian, and forested riparian scales within the Flint Hills ecoregion in Kansas. We tested for correlations between bare ground coverage and fluvial suspended sediment concentrations during base-flow and storm-flow events. We used remotely sensed imagery combined with field surveys to classify ground cover and quantify the presence of bare ground. Base-flow water samples were collected bi-monthly during rain-free periods and 24 h following precipitation events. Storm-flow water samples were collected on the rising limb of the hydrograph, using single-stage automatic samplers. Ungrazed treatments contained the lowest coverage of bare ground at the watershed, riparian, and forested riparian scales. Bison treatments contained the highest coverage of bare ground at the watershed scale, while high-density cattle treatments contained the highest coverage of bare ground at the riparian and forested riparian scales. In bison and cattle-grazed treatments, a majority of bare ground was located near fence lines, watershed boundaries, and third- and fourth-order stream segments. Inorganic sediment concentrations at base flow were best predicted by riparian bare ground coverage, while storm-flow sediment concentrations were best predicted by watershed scale bare ground coverage.

%B Journal of the American Water Resources Association %V 52 %P 16-30 %G eng %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1752-1688.12364 %N 1 %M KNZ001707 %R 10.1111/1752-1688.12364 %0 Journal Article %J Freshwater Science. %D 2015 %T The Stream Biome Gradient Concept: factors controlling lotic systems across broad biogeographic scales %A W. K. Dodds %A K. B. Gido %A M.R. Whiles %A Daniels, M.D. %A Grudzinski, B.P. %K biogeography %K biome %K lotic %K macro-scale %K macrosystems %K stream %X

We propose the Stream Biome Gradient Concept as a way to predict macroscale biological patterns in streams. This concept is based on the hypothesis that many abiotic and biotic features of streams change predictably along climate (temperature and precipitation) gradients because of direct influences of climate on hydrology, geomorphology, and interactions mediated by terrestrial vegetation. The Stream Biome Gradient Concept generates testable hypotheses related to continental variation among streams worldwide and allows aquatic scientists to understand how results from one biome might apply to a less-studied biome. Some predicted factors change monotonically across the biome/climate gradients, whereas others have maxima or minima in the central portion of the gradient. For example, predictions across the gradient from drier deserts through grasslands to wetter forests include more permanent flow, less bare ground, lower erosion and sediment transport rates, decreased importance of autochthonous C inputs to food webs, and greater stream animal species richness. In contrast, effects of large ungulate grazers on streams are expected to be greater in grasslands than in forests or deserts, and fire is expected to have weaker effects in grassland streams than in desert and forest streams along biome gradients with changing precipitation and constant latitude or elevation. Understanding historic patterns among biomes can help describe the evolutionary template at relevant biogeographic scales, can be used to broaden other conceptual models of stream ecology, and could lead to better management and conservation across the broadest scales.

%B Freshwater Science. %V 34 %P 1 -19 %G eng %U https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/679756 %M KNZ001686 %R 10.1086/679756 %0 Journal Article %J Freshwater Science %D 2013 %T Blazing and grazing: influences of fire and bison on tallgrass prairie stream water quality %A Larson, D.M. %A Grudzinski, B.P. %A W. K. Dodds %A Daniels, M.D. %A Skibbe, A.M. %A Anthony Joern %K Bison bison %K Bos bison %K burning %K Grasslands %K grazers %K prescribed fire %K streams %K tallgrass prairie %K total nitrogen %K total phosphorus %K total suspended solids %X

Fire and grazers (such as Bison bison) were historically among the most important agents for maintaining and managing tallgrass prairie, but we know little about their influences on water-quality dynamics in streams. We analyzed 2 y of data on total suspended solids (TSS), total N (TN), and total P (TP) (3 samples per week per stream during flow) in 3 prairie streams with fire and bison grazing treatments at Konza Prairie Biological Station, Kansas (USA), to assess whether fire and bison increase the concentrations of these water-quality variables. We quantified the spatial and temporal locations of bison (∼0.21 animal units/ha) with Global Positioning System collars and documented bison trails, paw patches, wallows, and naturally exposed sediment patches within riparian buffers. Three weeks post-fire, TN and TP decreased (t-test, p < 0.001), but TSS did not change. Bison spent <6% of their time within 10 m of the streams, increased the amount of exposed sediment in the riparian areas, and avoided wooded mainstem branches of stream (χ2 test, p < 0.001). Temporal trends suggest that low discharge or increased bison density in the stream may increase TSS and TP during the summer months. Our results indicate a weak connection between TSS and nutrients with bison access to streams over our 2-y study and indicate that low TSS and nutrients characterize tallgrass prairie streams with fire and moderate bison densities relative to surrounding land uses.

%B Freshwater Science %V 32 %P 779 -791 %G eng %U https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1899/12-118.1 %M KNZ001537 %R 10.1899/12-118.1