There were 4 flights in 1985 of the NASA C-130 aircraft carrying the Push Broom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR). The flights were over the Konza Prairie in central Kansas and their objective was to observe surface soil moisture variations with the PBMR. The radiometer operates at the 21-cm wavelength which is most sensitive to soil moisture. It has 4 beams which sweep out a swath of about 1.2 times the aircraft altitude. The resolution of each beam is 0.3 time the altitude. At the time of the flights the soil conditions ranged from very wet to moist and the brightness temperatures for the burned watersheds ranged from below 200 K to about 230 K. These results were well correlated (r2 = 0.7) with ground truth measurements and in good agreement with prior results over pasture grass situations. However for the unburned watersheds the brightness temperatures were around 270 K and roughly independent of the soil moisture conditions. In these unburned watersheds there is a buildup of a thatch layer which serves as highly emissive layer above the soil, especially when wet. This layer also caused a lower return to be observed over this area during this period, which is consistent with the radiometer observations